CIHM 
Microfiche 
Series 
(IMonographs) 


ICIMH 

Collection  de 
microfiches 
(monographies) 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes  /  Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best  original 
copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this  copy  which 
may  be  bibliographically  unique,  which  may  alter  any  of 
the  Images  in  the  reproduction,  or  which  may 
significantly  change  the  usual  method  of  filming  are 
checked  below. 


0 


Coloured  covers  / 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I   Covers  damaged  / 


Couverture  endommag^e 

□   Covers  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Couverture  restaur^e  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing  /  Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps  /  Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 


^ 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)  / 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations  / 


D 
D 

D 


D 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material  / 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Only  edition  available  / 
Seule  Edition  disponibie 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion  along 
interior  margin  /  La  reiiure  serr^e  peut  causer  de 
I'ombre  ou  de  la  distorsion  le  long  de  la  marge 
int^rieure. 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restorations  may  appear 
within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these  have  been 
omitted  from  filming  /  II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages 
blanches  ajout^es  lors  d'une  restauration 
apparaissent  dans  le  texte,  mais,  lorsque  cela  ^tait 
possible,  ces  pages  n'ont  pas  ^te  film^es. 

Additional  comments  / 
Commentaires  suppl^mentaires: 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire  qu'il  lui  a 
^t^  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details  de  cet  exem- 
plaire qui  sont  peut-6tre  uniques  du  point  de  vue  bibli- 
ographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier  une  image  reproduite, 
ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une  modification  dans  la  m^tho- 
de  normale  de  filmage  sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 

I      I  Coloured  pages  /  Pages  de  couleur 

I I   Pages  damaged  /  Pages  endommag6es 


D 


Pages  restored  and/or  laminated  / 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculdes 


r7\   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed  / 


n 


n 


Pages  d^color^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqu^es 

Pages  detached  /  Pages  d^tach^es 

Showthrough  /  Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies  / 
Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material  / 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplements'!  - 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  •>.- r  slips, 
tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to  ensu  . .  ■-  best 
possible  image  /  Les  page?  totalement  ou 
partiellement  obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une 
pelure,  etc.,  ont  6t6  film6es  k  nouveau  de  fajon  k 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 

Opposing  pages  with  varying  colouration  or 
discolourations  are  filmed  twice  to  ensure  the  best 
possible  image  /  Les  pages  s'opposant  ayant  des 
colorations  variabies  ou  des  decolorations  sont 
film6es  deux  fois  afin  d'obtenir  la  meilleure  image 
possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  beiow  / 

Ce  document  est  Ulmi  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqui  ci-de*sou«. 


10x 

14x 

18x 

22x 

26x 

30x 

J 

12x 

16x 

20x 

24x 

28x 

32x 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Engineering  Sciences  Library 
Queen's  University 


L'  exemplaire  film^  fut  reproduit  grdce  k  la 
g^n^rosit^  de: 

Engineering  Sciences  Library 
Queen's  University 


This  title  was  microfilmed  with  the  generous 
permission  of  the  rights  holder: 

Forbes  Tad  Rickard 


Ce  titre  a  6\6  microfilm^  avec  I'aimable  autorisation 
du  detenteur  des  droits: 

Forbes  Tad  Kickord 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility  of 
the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the  filming 
contract  specifications. 

Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on  the 
last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impression,  or 
the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All  other  original 
copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the  first  page  with  a 
printed  or  illustrated  impression,  and  ending  on  the 
last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche  shall 
contain  the  symbol  -♦(meaning  "CONTINUED"),  or 
the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"),  whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed  begin- 
ning in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to  right  and 
top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as  required.  The 
following  diagrams  illustrate  the  method: 


1 

2 

3 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et  de 
la  nettete  de  I'exemplaire  film6,  et  en  conformity 
avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de  filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commengant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniere  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte  d'im- 
pression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second  plat, 
selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  tutres  exemplaires  origin- 
aux sont  film^s  en  conimengant  par  la  premiere 
page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte  d'impression  ou 
d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par  la  derniere  page 
qui  comporte  une  telle  empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniere  image  de  chaque  microfiche,  selon  le  cas: 
le  symbole  -♦  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le  symbole  V 
signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Stre 
filmes  a  des  taux  de  reduction  diff^rents.  Lorsque 
le  document  est  trcp  grand  pour  etre  reproduit  en 
un  seul  cliche,  il  est  filme  a  partir  de  Tangle 
superieur  gauche,  de  gauche  a  droite,  et  de  haut 
en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre  d  'images 
necessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants  illustrent  la 
methode. 


1  2  3 

4  5  6 


MICROCOPV    RESOLUTION    TBT   CHART 

(ANSI  and  ISO  TEST  CHART  No   2) 


A  APPLIED  IM/1GE     I 

:sr-  '&^-'   fast   Mam   Stre«» 

^^S  Rochester.    New    rork         U609        USA 

"■^SS  (7}6)    482  -  0300  -  Phone 

^B  (716)    2B8-  5989  -  Fo„ 


NoSSlTI'lh    ^M/hihiMiiuN    |(A.   ,o\\) 


V    Mi.AM/iii  u. 


!'l   H!  i    lifli    I!\ 


1  ht'    Aiiirih'an    idsututf 


Mif;'M 


:;'■  '     M    !  V 


III 


! 


.. X •   t  ■      i  H i •-; I 


■*e' 


(I"  • 


ROSSITER  WORTHINGTON  RAYMOND 


A  MK.MOKIAL 


ri  liLlSIIKU  BY 

The  American  Institute  of 
Mining  and  Metallurgical  Engineers 


Edited  nr 
T.  A.  RICKARD 


Office  of  •:    ►'  .Secretary 

ENGINEERING  SOCIETIES  BUILDING 

29    WEST    39TH    STREET 

NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 


/ 


TN/A^-Ti-^R^ 


CopYRIDHT,    1920,   BY   THIl 

American  Institute  or  Minino  and  METALLUHairAL  Ehoineers 


VBa  ifAPi.B   rumtin  roHK  VA 


:/~S:r^' 


P'  EFACE 


Thin  incinorial  volume  in  inciint  (o  nerve  an  a  p<'nn!i'  nt  reccjrd  of  tlio 
wrviees  rendered  hy  U«w«iler  W.  Uiiyinorid  to  the  Aiiierirtiii  Institute 
of  MiniriK  Knuiiu'ern  and  to  the  iiiiiiiiiK  profewHion.  The  der>eription  of 
thi"  Mettiorial  8erviee  and  i  he  formal  biography  are  reproduc«-d  from  the^ 
official  bulletin  of  the  Institute.  The  volume  wouM  have  In-en  larger 
and  more  comprehenKive  if  Dr.  Haynion«l  had  not  outlived  three  of  his 
most  <iiHtinKui»4hed  eontemporaries,  Clarenee  KinK,  Jami^  I).  H  Rue,  and 
rt.  F.  EnmionH.  I'ortunately  one  of  hi.s  oldest  friends,  Dr.  Ly>  a  Abbott, 
has  added  greatly  to  the  value  of  this  memorial  by  eontribu  ,j?  an  inti- 
mate account  of  his  work  for  Plymouth  Church.  Mr.  Janii .-.  F.  Kemp, 
Professor  of  (Jeology  in  Cohunbia  I'niversity,  speaks  for  the  gcHiloxical 
branch  of  the  mining  profession,  although  he  writes  also  on  other  phases 
of  Dr.  Raymond's  life.  Mnjor  Arthur  S.  Dwight,  a  nephew  of  the  Doc- 
tor, represents  the  metallurgical  bra;.-  of  the  pr<ifes.«iion  in  both  its  civil 
and  military  capacities.  Mr.  Charles  W.  Cicxxlale,  of  the  Anaconda 
Copper  Miniii;?  Company,  touches  upon  the  litigation  in  which  Dr.  Rjiy- 
mond  took  a  leading  part.  Capt.  Iloljert  U  Hunt  has  been  twice  j.-isi- 
dent  of  the  astitute  and  was  one  of  Dr.  iiuymond's  most  valued  col- 
leagues. Dr.  Henry  M.  Howe  is  Profes'^or  of  Metallurgy  in  Columbia 
University  and  Ukcwise  an  ex-president  of  the  Institute.  Mr.  Alfied  11. 
Belling!. r  is  a  grandson  of  Dr.  Raymond;  his  contribution  expresses  the 
feelim^s  of  the  young  people  for  whom  Dr.  Raymond  was  ever  willing  to 
spend  his  time,  his  talent,  and  his  love.  To  Mrs.  Bellinger,  Dr.  Ray- 
mond's daughter,  the  reader  will  be  grateful  for  ji  biographic  si  '  -h 
which  suggests  that  the  literary  inheritance  is  siibject  to  nt)  Salic  law.  o 
her  I  am  indebted  for  much  wisely  sympathetic  and  keenl.  iiitelli^^.it 
assistance  iu  the  preparation  of  this  volume. 

T.  A.  t^.tkahd. 

Sa.v  Francisco, 
A  ugust  12,  1920. 


172926 


CONTENTS 


Memorial  Service '^"j 

Brief  Biography  of  Dr.  Raymond 14 

Biographical  Sketch,  by  Elizabeth  D.  R.  Bellinger 18 

Reminiscences  by  Lyman  Abbott 31 

Reminiscences  by  James  F.  Kemp 43 

Reminiscences  by  T.  A.  Rickard 53 

Reminiscences  by  Arthur  S.  Dwight 64 

Reminiscences  by  C.  W.  Goodale 68 

Reminiscences  by  Robert  .V.  Hunt 71 

Reminiscences  by  Henry  M.  Howe 73 

Tribute  by  Alfred  R.  Bellinger 75 

Jamesand  Jim:  Two  Boys,  by  R.  W.  Raymond 76 

Job  on  Mining,  by  R.  W.  Raymond 89 

Lawyers  and  Experts,  by  R,  W.  Raymond 94 


Memorial  Service  to  Dr.  Rossiter  W.  Raymond 

At  the  New  York  Mbetino,  February  17,  1919 
All  technical  sessions  were  brouRht  to  an  end  in  time  for  the  members 
to  gather  in  the  Auditorium  as  the  Institute  paid  its  tribute  to  Dr 
Kossiter  W.  Raymond.     In  opening  this  meeting.  President  Jennings 

''We  have  gathered  here  to  render  our  tribute  of  honor  and  affection 
o    he  memory  o   one  who  was  for  47  years  the  guiding  genius  of  this 
institute.     One  of  its  founders,  and  at  that  early  day  one  of  the  foremost 
m  his  profession,  he  saw  it  grow  from  infancy  to  the  great  body  it  is  to- 
day     At  the  beginning,  as  now,  its  membership  comprised  the  leaders  in 
geology,  mining,  metallurgy,  and  technical  education.     Because  so  many 
were  qualified  to  lead,  and  because  ambition  is  an  essential  qualifica- 
lon  for  leadership,  the  most  momentous  of  the  problems  coming  before 
hem  for  solution  was  the  selection  of  the  one  to  whom  they  could  confide 
the  care  and  direction  of  the  institution  which  was  to  record  their  pro- 
ceedings and  to  stand  as  an  enduring  monument  of  their  accomplish- 
ments.    Their  decision  would  determine  whether  the  members  of  this 
group  of  leaders  were  to  be  cooperators  or  competitors-associates  with 
a  common  purpose  or  rivals  for  individual  advancement 

The  selection  of  Rossiter  Worthington  Raymond  for  vice-president 
president,  and  finally  secretary;  his  retention  in  that  office  for  27  suc- 
cessive years;  his  elevation  to  the  office  of  secretary  emeritus  and  to 
honorary  membership,  constitute  a  testimonial  greater  than  any  honor 
that  we  can  offer  to  his  memory.  In  holding  these  exercises  today 
we  simply  voice  our  confirmation  of  the  wisdom  displaved  by  his  col- 
leagues in  placing  in  his  hands  the  guidance  of  their  enterprise  " 

l>v  fh.  n      r"*^  Kesolutions,  prepared  by  Dr.  A.  R.  Ledouxand  pa.ssed 
by  the  Directors,  were  then  read: 

"The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engi- 
neers would  place  upon  its  minutes  its  profound  sense  of  loss  and  sorrow 
m  the  death  of  Rossiter  Worthington  Raymond,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  secretary 
enieritus  of  the  Institute.  Both  as  one  of  its  founde;s  and  as  its  ic^ 
r(  tary  for  27  years,  his  was  the  guiding  spirit  of  the  Institute  for  more  than 
a  generation. 

1       ""'•!i'"»K  *'"' «''™''"''  '»*»'•♦■  "f  t'»«  '""X  P"iod,  it  miglu  ul„M,..t  have 
been  said  that  the  Institute  wa.s  Dr.  Raymond-and  Dr   Raymond    he 
nstitute.     When,,  with  the  progress  of  growth  and  .levelopn  ent    gr  a 
.•hunges  were  .ntn,duced.  Dr.  Raymon.l  acquiesce,!  in  rhes..  i„  „pi'e  o 
some  misg.  angs,  such  as  those  with  which  a  father  might  contemplate 


i  MRMOHIAL  SERVICE 

tlu'  cineiKcine  of  his  child  from  the  careful  supervision  of  the  home; 
but  as  st'cretary  emeritus  for  the  past  eight  years,  he  was  always  ready 
with  "aluable  advice  and  helpful  suggestion. 

"His  presence  at  the  annual  meetings  was  aii  inspiration,  which  his 
rare  abiUty  as  a  speaker  further  enhanced.  Among  the  most  ersatile 
of  men  of  genius,  among  the  most  distinguished  as  a  mining  engineer— 
a  scholar,  editor,  and  auti  ority  on  mining  law,  yet  to  his  personal  friends 
he  revealed  a  simplicity,  a  loyalty,  and  a  steadfastness  which  held  his 
intimates  and  bound  them  to  him  in  spite  of  time  and  change. 

"With  his  death  there  closes  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  American 
mining  and  metallurgy.  The  Institute  thereby  loses  one  of  its  great 
leaders,  but  his  example  will  Hve  as  an  inspiration  to  those  who  survive, 
within  its  councils,  and  his  name  will  be  long  an  inspiration  for  many  who 
knew  him  only  through  our  Transactions  and  by  his  other  writings." 

Mr.  T.  A.  Ri.-kard  was  appointed  editor  for  the  Raymond  memorial 
biographical  volume. 

Afterward,  Dr.  Henry  S.  Drinker,  president  of  Lehigh  University, 
and  one  of  the  two  survivors  of  the  22  who  attended  the  first  session 
of  the  Institute,  was  introduced. 

Address  of  Dr.  Drinker 

A  friend,  whom  we  loved,  has  gone  from  among  us.  He  was  a  man 
who  by  his  genius  dominated  any  jsembly  in  which  he  stood.  He 
was  a  teacher  of  teachers,  a  leader  in  all  the  many  lines  in  which  his 
energetic  able  personality  led  him. 

Of  his  eminence  as  an  engineer,  and  of  his  abihty,  learning,  and  sur- 
passing  power  in  argument  and  presentation  as  an  expert  and  as  a  lawyer, 
I  will  not  speak — the  tributes  paid  him  by  Mr.  Rickard  and  Mr.  Ingalls 
are  so  well  studied  that  they  should  stand  as  the  record  of  our  friend's 
professional  reputation.  He  was  a  wonderful  man  in  the  absolute  ab- 
sence of  pretense  in  all  that  he  said  and  did.  If  Raymond  said  it  you 
could  rely  it  was  so — and  his  mind  was  so  encyclopedic — his  learning 
so  vast,  that  association  with  him  was  an  education,  intensive  and  broad. 

It  was  my  privilege  to  know  him  for  a  life-time.  We  were  associated 
with  the  founding  of  our  Institute  at  Wilkes-Barre  in  May,  1871.  I  was 
then  a  young  fellow  just  stepping  out  into  practice  from  college  training 
under  Rothwell  in  the  Lehigh  School  of  Mines,  and  Rayn.ond  and  Roth- 
well,  Coxe  and  Coryell,  the  men  who  organized  the  first  coming  together 
of  the  Institute,  were  men  in  the  leadership  of  the  profession,  earnest, 
enthusiastic — early  exponents  of  the  profession  they  dignified  and,  in 
fact,  introduced  into  this  country. 

From  the  beginning,  Dr.  Raymond's  trained  mind,  inexhaustible 
energy,  and  wonderful  aptitude  of  expression,  enhanced  by  his  personal 
charm  of  manner,  meant  everything  in  the  early  setting  and  development 


MEMORIAL  SERVICE  3 

of  our  Institute,  windi  has  grown  into  such  a  power  in  the  engineering 
progress  of  our  land. 

We  all  pay  tribute  to  Dr.  Raymond's  recognized  ability  and  power  of 
leadership— but  there  are  today  but  few  of  ug  left  wJio  can  personally 
turn  and  look  back  over  a  half  century  of  acti-.al  association  with  hin.,  a 
precious  privilege  filled  with  memories  of  a  man  of  whom  it  may  well  be 
said,  he  was  typical  of  "Whatsoever  things  are  true,  whatsoever  things  are 
honest,  whatsoever  things  are  just,  whatsoever  things  are  pure,  whatso- 
ever things  are  lovely,  whatsoever  things  are  of  good  i  port",  for  he  was 
of  virtu^-and  we  may  well,  in  thinking  of  him,  think  of  these  things. 
Dr.  Raymond  was  generous  in  his  enco  iragement  and  aid  to  younger 
men.     I  can  personally,  with  all  my  heart,  echo  the  words  of  Ingalls  i- 
his  recent  splendid  tribute  to  Raymond  where  he  speaks  of  having  in  hi 
early  association  with  the  'Engineering  and  Mining  Journal'  looked  on 
Raymond  as  "a  guide,   philosopher,   and  friend"— trite  words,    but 
never  more  aptly,  or  better,  or  more  truthfully  applied. 

Dr.  Raymond's  history  has  been  recorded,  and  his  engineering  record 
has  been  and  is  being  given  by  men  far  better  fitted  than  I  to  do  technical 
justice  to  so  large  a  subject.     It  is  for  me  as  one  of  Raymond's  many 
friends  and  admirers,  one  of  his  old  friends,  yet  speaking  from  the  stand- 
point of  one  younger  than  he  and  ever  looking  up  to  him  as  a  leader  aad 
teacher,  to  pay  tribute  to  his  personal  quaUties  that  so  endeared  him  to  all 
who  were  privileged  to  know  him.     I  owe  a  great  personal  debt  to  him  for 
encouragement  and  aid  to  me  as  a  young  man,  and  I  am  moved  to  speak 
of  It  only  as  an  instance  of  what  was  common  to  so  many,  for  he  was  ever 
ready  with  counsel  and  cheering  words  of  uplift  and  practical  suggestion 
to  the  younger  men  who  came  under  his  observatiou,  and  in  this  he 
typified  in  person  what  our  Institute  has  done  as  an  association.    Found- 
ed as  it  was  by  n^en  of  large  heart  and  human  sympathy,  such  as  Ray- 
mond and  Eckley  B.  Coxe,  the  Institute,  particularly  in  its  younger  days 
when  our  membership  was  small,  and  the  friendships  engendered  among 
members  were  intimate  and  common  to  all,  did,  -nd  indeed  has  ever 
continued  to  do,  a  great  work  in  giving  to  young  engineers  who  came  into 
Its  fold  opportunity  for  betterment  by  association  with  older  and  eminent 
men,  with  an  opening  for  the  publication  antl  discussion  of  their  engineer- 
ing experiences  and  theories.     In  the  development  of  this  practice,  and 
as  the  able  editor  for  many  years  of  our  Transactions,  Dr.  Raymond 
ever  showed  his  kindly  sympathetic  helpful  nature,  and  the  men— and 
their  number  i.s  legion— whom  he  so  aided,  pay  triljute  today  to  his 
moiiiory  with  loving  gratitude  and  appreciation. 

Ho  was  a  wonderful  man  in  his  faculty'  of  doing  so  well  so  many 
different  things. 

Did  his  record  rest  only  on  his  professional  work  as  mining  engineer 
metallurgist,  and  mining  lawyer,  his  friends  might  be  content,  but  he 


MKMORIAL  HERVICIS 


was  not  euiiteitt  with  ttuH.  Dr.  Hillis  huH  told  uh  in  his  beautiful  tribute 
to  our  friend,  of  Dr.  Raymond's  leadership  in  religious  work  in  Plymouth 
('hurch,  and  how  after  Mr.  Beecher's  death  Dr.  Raymond  was  asked  to 
retire  from  his  engineering  and  editorial  work  and  take  up  the  pastorate 
of  Plymouth  Church  (and  how  beautifully  his  reply  reflects  Dr.  Raymond 
in  his  si  "erity,  good  judgment,  and  never-failing  humor).  Dr.  Raymond 
said  that  the  providence  of  God,  through  his  fathers,  had  lent  him  certain 
gifts,  and  by  His  providence  guided  him  into  an  appointed  path;  and 
now  that  his  life  journey  had  been  two-thirds  fulfilled,  he  did  not  believe 
that  the  Lord  was  going  to  return  to  the  beginning  of  that  path;  and 
revei'se  Himself;  and  he  would,  therefore,  follow  the  way  appointed  to 
the  end  of  the  road. 

Ard  in  Plymouth  Church  and  th(  iriendships  he  made  and  cherished 
there,  we  can  see  how,  while  laboring  for  the  good  of  his  fellow-men,  and 
for  their  souls'  good,  he  yet  rested  from  his  professional  work,  and  took 
pleasure  and  solace  in  his  touch  with  the  Church  .»nd  Sunday-school  in 
which  his  heart  delighted. 

His  addresses  in  the  Church,  of  which  many  have  been  published, 
show  a  vivid  and  ever-fresh  and  inspiring  flood  of  wise  help  ful  admonition 
and  teaching — and  his  annual  Christmas  stories  to  the  Sunday-school 
children — fifty  in  all,  ending  with  the  one  given  on  Sunday,  December 
29th,  only  two  days  before  his  death  on  December  31st,  are  a  unique  and 
l)eautiful  illustration  O-'  the  faculty  he  possessed  of  using  his  great  gifts 
for  the  young.  The  fiftieth  and  last  of  his  Sunday-school  addresses 
is  as  vivid  in  interest  as  its  predecessors,  among  which  those  ■  ho  read 
them  can  never  forget  the  delicious  talks  chronicling  the  woodhcuck  who 
inhabited  the  Doctor's  garden  at  Washington,  Connecticut,  and  who  is 
introduced  with  the  words,  "At  our  place  in  the  country,  where  we 
spend  five  or  six  months  of  the  year,  we  have,  among  other  fascinating 
attractions,  a  woodchuck  of  our  own.  That  is  nothing  very  remarkable. 
The  whole  region  is  full  of  woodchucks,  and  the  difficulty  is  not  to  have 
one.*  *  *  Our  garden  is  not  far  from  his  hole  on  the  lawn,  yet  he  never 
ionies  into  the  garden — for  vhich  reason  we  call  him  Maud,  after  the 
iatly  in  Tennyson's  poem.  That  lady  did  come  into  the  garden;  but  then 
she  was  invited.  If  the  gentleman  had  sung  to  her,  'Don't  come  into 
the  garden,  Maud',  or  even  if  he  had  never  mentioned  the  garden,  I  am 
sure  she  would  have  stayed  away  politely,  just  as  our  Maud  does," — 
and  then  the  address  goes  on  with  Raymond's  never-ending  sen.se  of 
humor,  delicioiisly  cnnphasizing  the  wise  words  on  current  events  and 
international  j-oliti  s  that  are  voiced  by  the  woodchuck  in  his  conference 
with  his  host. 

As  Ingalls  has  well  said.  Dr.  Raymond  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
rases  of  versatility  that  our  country  has  ever  seen — sailor,  scldier,  engi- 
neer, lawyer,  orator,  editor,  novelist,  story-teller,  poet,  biblical   critic, 


MEMORIAL  SERVICE  6 

theologian,  teachor,  chess-player — he  was  superior  in  each  capacity. 
What  he  did  lie  always  did  well. 

In  his  writings  and  poems  bin  ever-present  wnse  of  hiunor  shone 
out — and  yet  always  there  was  an  adumbration  of  wise  reflection  or 
suggestion— of t<>n  u  direct  emphasis  of  ailvier  on  current  questions  of 
the  day.  In  his  wonderful  story  of  'The  Man  in  the  Moon',  published 
over  forty  years  ago,  and  doubtless  reflecting  some  of  his  own  personal 
expe'riencee  as  an  officer  in  ihe  Civil  War,  Dr.  haymond  recorded  in  his 
inimitable  way  what  today  may  well  be  read  as  a  prophetic  utterance 
on  the  folly  and  the  wickedness  of  the  World  War,  in  his  account  of  the 
way  that  the  opposing  soldiers  in  the  ranks  came  together  on  Christmas 
Day,  and  how  a  sentiment  in  favor  of  peace  spread  from  the  ranks  to 
the  peoples  concerned  until  the  generals  in  charge  of  the  w«ir,  and  the 
governing  authorities  of  the  countries  concerned,  awakened  to  the  folly 
of  the  contention  in  which  they  had  been  striving  and  came  together  in  a 
peaceful  solution. 

The  story  is  an  immortal  one,  and  those  of  you  who  have  not  read 
it,  have  a  great  treat  in  store  when  you  find  it.  'The  Man  in  the 
Moon  — A  War  Story'. 

Dr.  Rayn.  nd's  home-life  was  ideally  beautiful  and  loving.  On 
Christmas  Day  just  passed  this  Uttle  poem— so  characteristic  of  him, 
and  so  expressive  of  the  love  he  bore  Mrs.  Raymond,  accompanied  his 
gift  to  her  of  a  bond : 

'Tis  strange.  Oh  Lady !  fair  and  fond 
Of  me  (as  likewise  I  of  you)  * 

That  there  should  he  another  bond 
Between  us  two ! 

V'ou  do  not  need  this  thing  to  make 

Your  life  more  full  of  hope  and  i-est, 
And  yet  sometimes  you  well  mij;ht  take 

More  interest! 

And  there  is  nothing  better  serves 

For  weary  hearts  and  hands  to  droop  on. 
And  stimulate  exhausted  nerves 

Than  a  good  coupon. 

Dr.  Raymond  suffered  a  great  sorrow  in  the  loss  of  the  son  of  whom 
he  was  so  justly  proud,  a  loss  that  he  bore  with  a  man's  fortitude,  and 
in  which  he  was  upheld  by  the  faith  and  hope  that  his  life  so  strikingly 
exemplified.  That  he  should  have  been  first  taken,  leaving  here  the  wife 
to  whom  he  devoted  so  many  years  of  loving  care,  is  a  part  of  that  great 
mystery  into  which  we  cannot  look,  hut  she  at  loai^t  ha.s  the  comfort  of 
the  memory  of  her  knight  as  one  "without  fear  and  without  reproach" 
—a  iJayard  among  warriors — a  Sir  Percival  among  knights. 

Dr.  Raymond  belonged  to  many  societ'»8  and  his  abilities  received 


MRMORIAL  HKRVICE 


due  rpcnRnition  in  many  honornry  tit  low  from  w)iii>lieH,  univerHities,  and 
collegen.  AmniiK  thoin  it  was  the  ploasurp  and  honor  of  Lehigh  Univer- 
sity to  confer  on  Dr.  Raymond  in  June,  19(Mi,  the  firnt  Doetorate  of  Law« 
ever  gninted  by  the  inHtitution.  When,  in  1905,  I  wan  asked  by  my 
fellow  alumni  of  Ix-high  to  lay  aside  my  professional  work  and  take  on  the 
responsibility  of  the  presidency  of  Lehigh  University,  it  was  to  Dr. 
Raymond  I  went  for  advice  on  my  course.  He  urged  me  to  take  it 
up  and  during  the  years  smce  then  I  have  reason  to  be  grateful' fo'r  his 
steady  counsel  and  support,  and  his  vLsits  to  speak  to  our  student  body 
have  ever  been  welcome  and  uplifting. 

He,  and  our  honored  Dr.  Drown,  and  I  had  a  close  and  common  bond 
in  the  association  we  all  three  had  with  Lehigh,  and  I  know  of  no  words 
more  fittingly  applicable  to  Dr.  Raymond  than  those  he  spoke  of  Dr. 
Drown  at  the  time  we  laid  the  foimdation  of  Drown  Memorial  Hall  on 
our  Lehigh  campus.  Dr.  Raymond  said:  "How  well  I  remember  that 
sunny  afternoon  at  Philadelphia,  when,  in  the  sacred  stillness  of  'God's 
Acre',  ringed  with  the  noisy  life  of  the  metropolis,  we  buried  in  flowers 
and  evergreens  the  body  of  our  beloved  friend,  while  overhead,  branches, 
like  these,  waved  their  solemn  murmurous  benediction,  and  all  around  us 
white  fingers  pointed  upward,  mutely  saying,  'He  is  not  here;  he  is 
risen!' — and  in  our  ears  sounded  that  deep,  dear  message  of  the  Spirit, 
chanting  how  the  blessed  dead  rest  from  their  labors,  while  their  works 
do  follow  them ! 

"Methinks  we  do  not  always  perceive  the  full  meaning  of  that  mes- 
sage. Too  often  we  interpret  it  as  saying,  'They  depart;  they  cease 
from  their  labors;  and  the  work  they  have  done  takes  their  place,  as  their 
only  representation  on  earth,  as  all  that  is  now  left  of  their  fruitful 
power'.  Surely,  this  is  not  all.  To  rest  is  not  to  cease;  to  follow  is  not 
to  remain  behir  d  forever  separated  from  the  leader,  but  rather  to  abide 
with  the  leader,  though  he  be  on  ihe  march. 

"Our  human  experience  is  not  without  interpreting  analogies.  We 
know  what  it  is  to  rest  from  our  labors  for  a  few  happy  summer  weeks, 
laying  upon  other  shoulders  the  daily  burden  and  upon  other  hearts  the 
daily  anxiety,  yet  still  in  forest  solitudes  or  up  shining  summits  or  by 
the  boundless  sea,  carrying  with  us  in  a  higher  mood  our  work — weighing 
it  more  accurately,  because  we  are  not  too  tired;  seeing  it  more  clearly, 
because  weare  out  of  the  dust  of  it;  realizing  its  proportions  and  purpose, 
because  distance  gives  us  a  perspective  view;  tasting  its  full  sweetness, 
because  its  bitter  cloudy  precipitate  has  had  time  to  settle;  and  renewing 
our  high  ambitions  for  it  as  we  renew  our  strength  for  it.  We  rest  from 
our  labors,  but  our  work  goes  with  us,  inseparably — only  now  we  bear 
it,  not  as  weight,  but  as  wings. 

"So,  it  seems  to  me,  we  are  to  think  of  our  absent  dead;  they  rest, 
but  do  not  cease;  they  go  on,  and  their  work  goes  on  with  them.     Indeed, 


MEMORIAl.  HGRVICB  7 

the  interpretation  is  yet  deeper.  To  my  ears,  the  Spirit  says  'Blessed  are 
they  who  have  labored  so  earnestly  '  to  deserve  the  rest  of  a  higher 
sphere  of  labor,  and  who  have  left  behind  them  works  which  deserve 
to  follow  them,  and  to  receive,  even  in  that  higher  sphere,  their  continued 
remembrance  and  interest'.  " 

How  more  fittingly  can  I  close  this  tribute  to  the  memory  of  our 
beloved  friend  than  by  these  his  own  words,  spoken  of  a  friend  dear  to 
him,  and  honored  by  us  all — words  that  today  we  may  cite  as  a  requiem 
and  fitting  thought  of  Rossiter  W.  Raymond  himself,  loved  by  us,  whose 
name  will  go  down  in  the  annals  of  our  Institute  as  that  of  a  super-man 
of  many  parts  to  whom  we  owe  much. 

Address  of  T.  A.  Rickard 

"Brethren" — it  was  thus  that  he  addressed  us  on  an  occasion  that 
many  of  you  will  remember:  in  1893,  at  Chicago,  at  the  closing  session 
of  the  International  Engineering  Congress.  Otner  men,  representing 
other  nations,  had  spoken — some  of  them  in  poor  English — before  he  was 
called  upon  to  reply  for  the  arts  of  mining  and  metallurgy  in  America. 
When  he  said  "  Brethren",  the  audience  was  startled  into  lively  attention, 
which  was  maintained  throughout  his  speech;  for  then,  as  always,  he 
knew  how  to  reach  the  minds  of  men,  and  their  hearts  too.  I  remember 
his  saying  that  those  present  had  taken  part  in  numerous  scientific 
discussions;  that  they  had  evolved  new  ideas  and  had  discovered  new 
principles,  but  that  they  had  done  something  much  better:  they  had 
"  discov^ercd  one  another".  So  saying  he  put  his  finger  on  the  distinctive 
feature  of  all  such  conventions.  His  mode  of  salutation  also  reminded 
those  of  us  who  were  his  personal  friends  that  he  was  an  evangelist  as  well 
as  an  engineer,  and  that  he  could  instruct  a  bible-  class  in  Job  or  St.  Paul 
with  the  same  power  of  exposition  as  he  could  deliver  a  lay  sermon  on 
mining  or  metallurgy.  Indeed  Rossiter  Raymo  id  was  a  deeply  religious 
man,  and  no  sympathetic  understanding  of  his  oxtraordinarily  versatile 
character  is  possible  without  appreciating  this  fact.  He  was  not  only  a 
prominent  member  of  Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn ;  he  was  superinten- 
dent of  the  Sunday-s?hool  for  25  years,  he  led  in  prayer-meeting  and  in 
bible-class,  he  interpreted  the  Old  Testament  during  the  period  when  the 
so-called  higher  criticism  was  undermining  the  faith  of  the  churches,  and 
he  aided  Henry  Ward  Beecher  in  steering  his  congregation  through  the 
storm  of  biblical  exegesis  that  crossed  the  Atlantic  forty  years  ago.  The 
eminence  that  he  attained  as  a  religious  teacher  is  measurable  by  the  fact 
that  when  Beecher  died  the  trustees  asked  him  "  to  give  up  his  work  as 
editor,  lavyer,  and  mining  engineer,  and  take  the  pastorate  of  Plymouth 
Church",  as  recorded  by  the  Rev.  Dr.  Dwight  Hillis.  He  declined  the 
honoi-,  thinking  it  better  "to  give  his  Hfe  and  strength  to  the  vocation 
of  an  interpreter,  chronicler»  guide,  and  assistant  to  engineers,  rather  than 


8 


MEMORIAL  HERVtCK 


to  that  of  a  creative  an«l  conHtructivt'  leador".  I  quote  the  wordH  he 
hiiii8elf  used  on  the  oi-cnsion  of  the  dinner  (•clehratinK  hi.s  7()th  liirthday. 

Not  many  in  the  mining  profesHion  knew  this  phiiMe  of  iiis  ehnnieter, 
althnuKh  liuri'nK  his  journeys  through  the  West  he  would  occasionally 
take  the  pulpit  in  some  MiiiiiuK  coniinunity  anii  surprise  a  coiiKreKation 
that  knew  him  only  as  the  most  distinguished  of  the  experts  engaKcd 
during  the  previous  week  in  an  imoortant  ap<>x  litigation.  I  have  spoken 
of  the  part  he  played  in  the  history  of  Plymouth  Church,  but  his  deeply 
religious  nature  was  never  so  brought  home  to  nu*  as  when  his  son  Alfred 
died  in  1901.  He  was  a  son  of  whom  any  father  might  feel  proud;  gifted 
anfl  amiable,  and  on  the  threshold  of  a  brilliant  career.  When  he  died 
Dr.  Kaymond  proved,  if  it  were  nece8.sary,  the  sincerity  of  his  religious 
convictions,  for  his  glad  way  of  spiniking  of  his  departed  son  showed  his 
confitlence  in  a  future  ■■  union.  I  never  saw  a  more  (onvincing  expres- 
sion of  the  Mief  in  immortality  than  in  the  attitude  of  Alfred  Ray?nond's 
father  and  mother.  It  were  improp<'r  for  me,  therefore,  on  this  occasion 
to  speak  of  the  passing  of  our  honored  frierd  in  a  lugut)rious  strain.  I 
shall  speak  of  his  life  and  career  as  an  inspiring  memory  to  be  treasured 
as  a  heritage  of  our  profession;  and  in  doing  so,  I  shall  abstain  from 
flattery.  To  extol  the  honored  dead  with  honeyed  words  is  an  imperti- 
nence, llossiter  Kaymond's  career  was  so  rich  in  performance  as  to 
require  none  of  the  insincerities  of  conventional  biography. 

To  the  profession,  Dr.  Raymond's  work  as  secretary  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  was  the  outstanding  feature  of  his  su- 
l)remely  u.seful  life.  When  the  Institute  was  Tounded,  in  1871,  he  was 
elected  vice-president,  with  the  understanding  that  he  would  perform  the 
duties  of  president,  which  David  Thomas,  by  reason  of  his  age,  could  not 
discharge.  Thus  from  the  beginning  Raymond  was  the  real  president, 
and,  on  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Thomas,  r  w  months  later,  he  became 
president  in  name  as  well  as  in  feet,  thereafter  to  be  elected  again  and 
again,  until  an  amendment  to  the  rules,  proposed  by  himself,  provided 
that  no  president  cjuld  serve  more  than  two  years.  Soon  afterward, 
in  1884,  he  became  secretary,  a  post  that  he  held  for  27  years — until 
his  retirement  from  active  service  in  1911.  He  was  secretary  emeritus 
until  the  end. 

The  duties  of  the  .secretary  included  the  editing  of  the  Transactions. 
For  this  he  was  well  prepared.  He  had  been  the  writer  of  successive 
volumes  of  the  'Mining  Statistics  West  of  the  Rocky  Mountains';  1  ^ 
had  been  editor  of  the  'American  Journal  of  Mining'  for  one  year,  in 
1867,  and  for  the  seven  following  years  the  editor  of  its  successor,  the 
'Engineering  and  Mining  Journal',  of  which  he  continued  to  be  a.s.sociate 
editor  with  Richard  P.  Rothwell  until  they  had  a  friendly  disagreement 
over  the  'silver  question'  in  189.3,  after  which  he  withdrew  from  editorial 
responsibility,  becoming  a  'special  contributor',  in  which  capacity  he 


MEMORIAL  HKRVK'R  0 

aHMJHted  th«'  t'ditora  that  Hiiccccdcd  Rothwell.  Thiw  he  t(M)k  u  notable 
part  in  the  (IpvolopuH'nt  of  technical  journalism  in  this  country;  but  I 
n-Kanl  his  share  in  the  early  editing  of  the  'Journal '  as  important  chiefly 
iM'cauae  it  was  a  training  for  his  life-work,  that  of  wcretary  of  the  In- 
stitute. It  is  noteworthy  that  as  the  owner  of  the' Journal'  in  its  early 
(lays  he  found  the  work  of  writing  and  editing  far  more  to  his  taste  than 
the  management,  for  in  financial  affairs  he  was  t(K)  kindly  to  Ik*  a  shrev 
business-man. 

As  .secretary  of  the  Institute  he  pi-rforuied  divers  duties;  he  invited 
written  contributions  and  revi.s«'d  tluin  Iwfore  publication;  he  organized 
the  meetings;  he  was  the  administrator*     In  course  of  time  his  ebullient 
personality  so  dominated  the  Institute  that  he  was  allowed  a  free  hand  to 
do  as  he  thought  fit.     Presidents  came  and  went;  although  nominally 
secretary,  he  exer, ised  complete  control.     The  personnel  of  the  iward  of 
nuinagement,  or  'council',  of  the  Institute  changed  from  year  to  year, 
but  Dr.  Raymond  managed  its  affairs,  practically  without  let  or  hindrance. 
The  Institute  became  identified  with  him.     For  a  period  longer  than  a 
generation  he  was  the  mainspring  of  the  activities  of  the  Institute,  its 
presiding  genius,  its  chief  spokesman.     Those  who  participated  in  the 
meetings  of  ten  or  twenty  years  ago  will  retain  a  vivid  impression  of  the 
way  in  which  Dr.  Raymond  stamijed  his  individuality  on  the  organization. 
C'ourteous  and  friendly  to  all,  resourceful  and  tactful  in  steering  the 
discussions,  witty  and  eloquent  whenever  he  rose  to  hi  .eet,  he  was  the 
managing  director  of  the  proceedings;  he  gave  point  and  distinction  to 
them;  he  infused  them  with  his  keen  enthusiasm;  he  lighted  them  with 
the  brilliance  of  his  mind.     His  versatility  was  unlimited.     All  knowledge 
was  his  patrimony  and  nothing  human  was  alien  to  his  understanding. 
Whatever  the  subject  of  a  paper,  he  could  add  something  to  it;  nay  more, 
on  many  occasions  when  some  new  phase  of  geology  or  engineering  was 
presented  for  disrussion,   he  would  rise  to  supplement  the  «;peaker's 
remarks  and  show  himself  so  well  informed  on  the  subject  as  to  eclipse 
the  specialist.     Ho  did  this  not  unkindly,  but  nut  of  super-t bundance  of 
knowledge  and   siieer  exuberance  of  spirit.     On   the  other  hand,   no 
member  engaged  in  preparing  a  paper  for  the  Transactions  failed  to 
obtain  his  whole-hearted  assistance  in  collecting  the  necessary  data  or  in 
hunting  for  the  needed  references.     When  the  meml)er's  manuscript 
arrived,  the  Doctor  went  through  it  with  painstaking  care.     Before  the 
use  of  the  typewriting  machine  came  into  vogue,  and  even  after,  he  would 
send  letters  in  long-hand  of  as  much  as  ten  pages,  explaining  or  suggesting 
improvements  in  the  text.     As  a  beneficiary  of  his  conscientious  industry, 
I  can  testify  to  the  instruction  in  the  art  of  writing  that  he  gave  to  those 
who  contributetl  to  the  Transactions.     He  was  a  delightful  helper  and  a 
stimulating  teacher.     If  jiny  criticism  is  to  be  made,  I  venture  to  suggest 
that  he  over-edited;  that  is  to  say,  the  writings  of  the  inexperienced 


10 


MKMliHIAL  HKKVU'IS 


wvrv  m  much  roviwd  nn  to  Iw  pracli«ttlly  re-writti-n  l)y  tiiiii.     He  would 
tuko  the  halM)ttko(l  priMluction  of  a  wini-Iitorate  enninetT  ami  Bubjort 
il  to  the  warmth  of  hin  intellectual  conibuHtion  until  it  emerged  a  whole- 
some biscuit.     I   recall  a  valuable  metallurgical  |>a|M'r,   written  by  a 
professor  now  recogniwd  as  an  authority,  that  was  so  full  of  Ciennan 
itlioniH  that  Dr.  Raymond  had  to  r»'-write  it.     Shortly  liefore  the  Colo- 
riido  m(>eting  of  1890  I  persuaded  a  Cornish  mining  engineer  to  contribute 
u  paper  on  the  lode-structure  of  Cripple  Creek.     He  was  a  keen  observer, 
but  a  poor  writer;  when  the  pa|)er  arrived  it  was  quite  unsuitable  for 
publication.     Dr.  Raymond  showed  it  to  me  and  said,  "What  am  I  to 
do  with  this?"     I  replied,  "Don't  accept  it".     "No",  said  he,  "that 
would  not  Ih-  fair;  we  asked  him  to  write  it".     "  Yes".  I  said,  "but  I  am 
responsible  for  asking  him ;  let  me  lick  it  into  shape."     "  No",  he  insisted, 
"that  is  njy  job,  I'll  see  what  I  can  do  with  it."     He  did,  and  he  did  it  >»} 
thoroughly  that  my  Cousin  Jack  friend  obtained  credit  for  an  informing 
and  well-written  contribution  to  the  Transactions.    The  result  of  such 
revision  was  to  lessen  the  value  of  the  paper  as  scientific  evidence.     The 
authenticity  of  the  testimony,  it  seems  to  me,  suffered  by  Ixiing  given 
through  the  mouth  of  a  skilled  advocate.     On  the  other  hand,  this  over- 
plus of  editorial  labor  gave  the  Transactions  a  level  of  style  that  no  other 
technical  society  could  claun  either  then  or  since.     All  technical  writing  in 
the  English  language  has  felt,  and  long  will  continue  to  feel,  the  inspira- 
tion to  excellence  that  he  gave  while  editor  of  the  reference  library  that 
we  call  the  Transactions  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers. 
He  left  iin  enduring  mark  on  the  jurisprudence  of  mining.     A  keen 
observer  and  ii  clear  expositor,  he  achieved  distinction  as  an  expert 
witness  in  the  litigation  arising  from  attempts  to  apply  the  law  of  the 
apex,  a  8ubj«'<t  (»n  which  he  wrote  a  series  of  essays  that  exercised  a  strong 
iiiHuence  on  the  interpretation  given  by  the  highest  courts  ♦-  that  Con- 
gressional statute.     In  the  first  big  case  in  which  he  took  part,  the  famous 
Eureka-Richmond  lawsuit,  he  gave  the  term  'lode'  a  definition  that  not 
only  swayed  the  decision  in  that  controversy,  but  influenced  all  later 
mining  litigation.     On  one  occasion  he  was  invited  to  address  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  on  a  point  of  mining  law,  and  his  exposition  is  said 
to  have  been  accepted  by  the  Court  in  its  subsoqTjent  opinion.     At  that 
time  he  had  not  qualified  as  a  lawyer,  but  in  1898  he  was  admitted  to 
practise  in  both  the  State  and  the  Federal  courts.     Five  years  later  he 
was  appointed  lecturer  on  mining  law  at  Columbia  University. 

As  an  expert  witness,  he  was,  a.s  he  said  of  Clarence  King,  approv- 
ingly, "an  honest  partisan".  He  used  the  gift  of  exposition  with  great 
effect  when  addressing  the  jury,  under  (over  of  giviii}?  evidence.  I  recall 
the  explanation  of  the  formation  of  mineral  veins  with  which  he  began  his 
testimony  in  the  Montana-St.  Umis  case.  Fortunate  was  the  jury  that 
had  the  opportunity  of  listening  to  such  a  ft.s(inating  lecturer.     He  was 


MKMUHIAL  HKHVlL'K 


11 


not  only  an  ubli-  witnvtM-in-chief  and  cxtrcuidy  di'Xterous  in  circunivcnt- 
ing  croiw-i'xainintttion,  hut  hv  wan  a  great  K(>nrral.  H'  wa«  quick  to 
r«TOKnu(>  the  important  featureH  of  a  case  an«i  nkilful  in  iianthallinK  hiH 
forces  to  the  diHconifiUire  of  the  enemy.  In  forcnnic  duek  he  dit.ilayed 
characteriHtic  wit  and  vernatihty.  TWh  legal  practice  wan  a  Houroc  of 
honor  and  profit  to  him,  hut  I  venture  to  Hay  that  he  helped  geology  more 
in  other  ways. 

In  1868,  when  only  28  yearw  of  age,  he  was  appointed  U.  8.  Conimis- 
tuoner  of  Mining  Statistics,  and  in  that  capacity  he  visited  the  mining 
districts  of  the  West,  which  was  then  at  the  beginning  of  an  era  of  wide- 
spread exploration.  He  was  quick  to  appreciate  the  economic  value  of 
geology  and  to  utilize  the  opportunities  for  study  afforded  by  his  official 
travels.  In  1870,  he  was  appointed  lecturer  on  economic  geology  at 
Lafayette  College,  which  appointment  he  held  for  twelve  years. 

When  he  Iwcame  secretary  of  the  Institute  he  transferred  his  keen 
interest  in  economic  geology  to  the  Transactions.  As  secretary,  he 
p<'rHua<led  the  engineers  to  record  observations  made  underground,  and 
at  the  same  time  he  induced  the  officers  of  the  Geological  Survey 
to  present  their  scientific  inductions  to  the  Transactions  in  a  form 
that  rendered  them  attractive  to  the  mining  profession.  Thus  he  brought 
the  official  geologist  into  touch  with  the  mine-manager  and  consulting 
engineer,  greatly  to  the  advantage  of  all.  He  also  did  much  to  diminish 
the  self-sufficiency  of  the  Survey  and  to  lessen  the  shyness  of  the  so- 
called  practical  man.  By  his  understanding  of  geology,  his  knowledge 
of  Western  mining  conditions,  and  the  zest  with  which  he  pursued  the 
application  of  geology  to  mining,  he  aided  greatly  in  exciting  intelligent 
interest  in  the  genesis  of  ore  deposits.  The  Posepny  volume  proves  that; 
so  does  the  volume  dedicated  to  the  memory  of  his  frie-  '  Emmons.  In 
1893,  he  translated  Posepny's  treatise  from  the  L.orman  into  his 
own  vigorous  English,  and  organized  a  discussion  that  enhanced  the 
value  of  the  original  paper.  By  means  of  another  treatise,  by  Van 
Hise,  presented  to  the  Institute  seven  years  later,  in  1900,  he  gave  a 
fresh  impetus  to  the  sti'dy  of  ore  deposits,  the  general  result  being  to 
make  the  mining  geologists  of  thi:,  country  the  leaders  in  a  branch  of 
study  in  which  Europ<'aii  scientists  had  theretofore  held  pre-eminence. 

On  his  skill  as  a  writer  it  is  pleasant  to  dwell.  He  wrote  out  of  the 
fulness  of  a  rich  mind,  an  alert  imagination,  and  an  abundant  vocabulary, 
aided  by  the  knowledge  of  several  modern  languages.  He  knew  not 
only  how  to  select  le  mot  juste,  but  also  how  to  weave  words  into  ingenious 
phrases  and  to  construct  balanced  .sen^  ices,  following  each  other  in 
logical  order  within  well-proportioned  paragraphs.  He  liked  to  number 
his  paragraphs,  in  order  to  emphasize  successive  points  at  issue.  He 
wrote  with  pen  or  pencil,  usually  the  former,  because  i*  " ,  less  rigid  and 
therefore  less  fatiguing  to  the  fingers.     He  did  not  like  to  dictate  any- 


12 


MKMOKIAI'  SKRVKE 


thiiiK  except  ordinary  correspondence,  hut  he  roiiK".  dictate  a  long  article 
or  legal  testimony,  punctuation  included,  with  remaricahle  clearness 
and  continuity.  He  wrote  easily,  with  all  the  joy  of  the  practised  hand 
and  the  disciplined  brain.  He  twitted  one  of  his  contributors  with 
having  "an  inveterate  fluent  profuseness  of  speech"  and  the  happy 
victim  protested  that  the  phrase  exactly  fitted  him,  not  the  lesser  writer. 
He  was  fluent  and  profuse,  but  not  to  redundance  or  verbosity;  on  the 
contrary,  his  style  was  marked  by  force  and  consecutiveness,  and,  not 
infrequently,  by  those  "saber  thrusts  of  Saxon  speech"  that  are  the 
delight  of  the  critical. 

His  literary  ability  was  partly  inherited  from   his  father,  Robert 
Raikes  Raymond,   who  was  editor  successively  of  the  'Free  Democrat' 
and  the  'Evening  Chronicle'  at  Syracuse,  New  York,  from  1852  to  1854, 
and  later  professor  of   English  in  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute 
anti  prinipal  of  the  Boston  School  of  Oratory.     It  is  also  a  safe  surmise 
that  Rossiter  Raymond  owed  much  of  his  fine  feeling  for  the  language 
of  Shakespeare  to  his  daily  draughts  from  that  well  of  English  undefiled, 
the  King  .James  version  of  the  Bible.     There  is  no  better  s.-hooling  in  our 
language  than  familiarity  with  The  Book.     A  third  aid  to  the  cultivation 
of  a  goo<l  prose  style  was  his  frequent  exercise  in  versification.     The 
expression  of  simple  ideas  in  verse  by  means  of  short  words  is  excellent 
training  for  the  effective  construction  of  logical  sentences  in  prose; 
moreover,  the  sense  of  rhythm  incites  assonance.     On  his  return  from 
life  at  the  German  universities,  he  brought  with  him  many  old  folk-songs 
and  student-songs,  some  of  which  he  adapted  to  Sunday-school  use. 
Thousands  of  children  sang  his  hymns  with  delight  because  he  knew 
how  to  present  pretty  thoughts  in  simple  guise.     That  he  could  write 
serious  poetry  we  know;  for  example,  the  lines  to  the  Grand  Canyon 
engraved  on  the  silver  tray  that  formed  part  of  the  gift  presented  to  him 
on  his  70th  birthday.     He  wrote  merry  rhymes  for  our  Institute  meetings 
and  for  other  occasions  of  a  similar  kind,  making  good-natured  fun  for 
himself  and  his  friends.     This  playing  with  words  in  rhyme  and  rhythm 
gave  him  facility  ( i"  expression  in  the  more  serious  business  of  prose,  and 
also  in  public  speaking. 

He  was  a  delightful  speaker.  Our  profession  has  never  had  a  more 
elcxiuent  spokesman.  He  seem(>d  as  little  at  a  loss  for  ideas  as  for  words; 
his  enunciation  was  clear,  he  had  a  resonant  voice,  and  his  gestures  were 
natural.  Owing  to  his  retentive  memory  and  easy  delivery,  it  was 
difficult  to  distinguish  a  .speech  that  he  had  written  from  one  that  was 
exlem|)ore. 

At  any  gatlnTing  he  w.-is  in(livi<lual — a  distinKuislied  figure.  The 
wearing  of  a  lilack  silk  cap  and  an  old-fashioned  way  of  trimming  his 
beard  jj.ive  him  a  striking  a|)|)earance.  Clear  eyes,  wide  apart,  an  aqui- 
hne  nose,  and  a  scpiare  chin  indicated  inuvgination,  perception,  and  de- 


MEMORIAL  SERVICK 


13 


termination.  His  military  training  had  taught  him  to  stand  upright. 
His  pose  was  that  of  a  captain  of  men.  When  he  made  a  humorous  hit 
he  wouhl  tilt  his  head  and  smile,  as  if  eager  t(»  share  the  fun  with  his 
audience.  He  never  touched  anything  without  giving  it  human  interest. 
He  found 

"Tongu<>s   in   trees,    l)ooks   in   the   running   brooks, 
Sermons  in  stones,  and  good  in  everything." 

Rossiter  Raymond  exercised  an  immense  influence*  in  his  day  and 
generation — nay  more,  two  generations  felt  the  force  of  his  personality. 
How  he  stimulated  his  religious  co-workers  has  been  recorded  by  the 
succes.sors  of  Henry  Ward  Beecher.  Both  Lyman  Abbott  and  Dwight 
Hillis  have  testified  to  the  courage  that  he  imparted  to  them  during  the 
troublous  times  of  Plymouth  (,'hurch.  To  the  geologists  who  broke  the 
trail  for  the  scientific  investigations  of  a  later  day  he  was  a  guide,  philoso- 
pher, and  friend.  Such  men  as  Clarence  King,  James  D.  Hague,  and 
S.  F.  Emmons  have  recorded  their  gratitude  for  his  support  and  advice. 
Among  his  engineering  contemporaries  were  scores  to  whom  he  was  an 
ever-ready  source  of  information,  a  wise  counselor,  a  cheery  friend — 
for  them  he  did  many  unselfish  and  kindly  things.  To  those  of  us  who 
were  young  when  he  was  at  his  prime  he  was  the  very  embodiment  of 
scientific  attainments.  We  looked  up  to  him  as  the  exemplar  of  effec- 
tive writing  and  polished  speaking,  the  pattern  of  engineering  culture, 
the  leader  in  everything  that  concerned  the  welfare  of  our  profession. 
As  secretary  of  the  Institute  we  found  him  a  lovable  man,  full  of  natural 
kindness  and  that  h"lpfulness,  without  condenscension,  which  the  young 
appreciate  so  keenly  when  shown  by  a  senior  whom  they  admire.  We — 
for  I  was  one  of  them — found  him  an  inspiring  leader  and  a  loyal  friend. 
Loyalty — yes,  that  was  one  of  his  qualities.  It  got  him  into  trouble 
more  than  once,  for  in  friendship,  as  in  apex  litigation,  he  was  unmistak- 
ably partisan.  He  stuck  to  his  friends  through  thick  and  thin;  he  gave 
them  the  benefit  of  the  doubt  if  they  did  wrong;  he  championed  them 
when  they  were  set  upon.     Lucky  was  the  man  on  whose  side  he  fought. 

He  was  pre-eminently  a  publicist  and  an  educator;  he  dechned  the 
pastorate  of  Plymouth  Church  to  become  the  pastor  of  a  bigger  congre- 
gation; he  resigned  his  professorship  at  Lafayette  to  be  a  teacher  in  a 
bigger  school;  he  was  the  dean  of  the  mining  profession  in  the  United 
States.  For  fifty  years  the  force  of  his  personality  was  felt  among  the 
men  that  were  organizing  and  directing  the  mining  industry  of  a  conti- 
nent; for  fifty  years  he  did  not  fail  to  write  a  (Christmas  story  for  the 
children  of  his  Sunday-school;  he  was  a  friend  to  the  old  and  to  the  younj?. 
Age  could  not  witiier  him  nor  custom  stale  his  infinite  variety.  He 
influenced  those  that  today  are  influencing  others;  his  spirit  still  moves 
among  men.     Blessed  be  his  memory. 


E3S^ 


Brief  Biography  of  Dr.  Raymond 

Ro8.nter  Worthington  Raymond,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  mining:  engineer, 
metallurgist,  lawyer,  and  author,  was  horn  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  27, 
1840,  the  son  of  Roliert  Raikes  and  Mary  Anna  (Pratt)  Raymond; 
granilson  of  Eliakim  and  Mary  (Carrington)  Raymond,  of  New  York 
City,  and  of  Caleb  and  Sally  (Walker)  Pratt,  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island. 
He  was  of  English  descent,  his  earliest  American  ancestor  on  the 
paternal  side,  Richard  Raymond,  having  emigrated  from  F^ngland  to  this 
country  and  settled  at  Salem,  Ma.ssachusettp.  in  1632;  while  on  his  moth- 
er's side  he  was  descended  from  well-known  New  England  families.  His 
great-grandfather,  Nathaniel  Raymond,  was  an  officer  in  the  Revolution- 
ary army;  and  his  grandfather,  Caleb  Prj,n,  served  in  the  war  of  1812. 

His  father  (born  1817,  died  1888),  a  native  of  New  York  City,  was  a 
graduate  of  Union  College  in  1837,  editor  of  the  Syracuse  'Free  Democrat' 
in  1852,  and  the  'Evening  Chronicle*  in  1853-4,  and  afterward  profes- 
sor of  English  in  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute  and  principal  of 
the  Boston  School  of  Oratory.  His  mother  (born  1818,  died  1891)  was 
a  native  of  Providence,  Rhode  Island.  They  were  married  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  in  1839,  and  Rossiter  was  the  eldest  of  a  family  of  seven  children, 
of  whom  four  were  sons. 

He  received  his  early  education  in  the  common  schools  of  Syractise, 
New  York,  and  in  1857  entered  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute,  of 
which  his  uncle,  John  H.  Raymond  (afterward  president  of  Vassar  College), 
was  then  president,  graduating  from  that  institution,  at  the  head  of  his 
class,  in  1858.  He  spen*  .he  ensuing  three  years  in  professional  study 
at  the  Royal  Mining  Acauemy,  Freilierg,  Saxony,  and  at  the  Heidelberg 
and  ^^unich  universities. 

Returning  to  the  United  States  in  August  1861,  he  entered  the  Fed- 
eral army  and  served  as  aide-de-camp,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  on  the 
staff  of  Major-General  J.  C  Fremont,  by  whom,  during  his  campaign 
in  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  he  was  officially  conmiended  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct. 

From  1864  to  1868,  he  engaged  in  practice  as  a  consulting  mining 
engineer  and  metallurgist  in  New  York  City;  and  in  the  latter  year 
was  appointed  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Mining  Statistics,  which  posi- 
tion he  held  until  1876,  is.suing  each  year  'Reports  on  the  Mineral  Re- 
sources of  the  United  States  West  of  the  Rocky  Mountains'  (8  vol., 
Washington,  1869-76),  several  of  which  were  re-published  in  New  York, 
with  the  titles  of  'American  Mines  and  Mining',  'The  United  States 
Mining  Industry',  'Mines,  Mills  and  Furnaces',  and  'Silver  and  Gold' 


BTOGRAPHV 


16 


These  reports  contained  deseriptions  of  the  geoioRy,  ore  deposits,  and  min- 
ing enterprises  of  the  United  States  public  domain,  discussions  of  metal- 
lurgical processes  adapted  to  American  conditions,  and  observations  and 
criticisms  concerning  the  practical  operation  of  the  Federal  mineral- 
land  laws  of  1866  and  subsequent  years.  In  1870,  he  was  appointed  lec- 
turer on  economic  geology  at  Lafayette  College,  which  chair  he  occupied 
until  1882,  and  for  one  year  during  that  period  gave  the  entire  course  on 
mining  engineering. 

In  1873,  Dr.  Raymond  was  appointed  United  States  Commissioner 
to  the  Vienna  International  Exposition,  and  as  such  delivered  in  Vienna 
addresses  in  the  German  language  at  the  International  Convention  on 
Patent  Law  and  the  International  Meeting  of  Geologists;  and  an  address 
in  English  at  the  meeting  of  the  Iron  and  Steel  Institute  in  Liige,  Belgium. 
From  1875  to  1895,  he  was  associated  as  consulting  engineer  with  the 
firm  of  Cooper,  Hewitt  &  Co.,  owners  cf  the  New  Jersey  Steel  &  Iron 
Co.,  the  Trenton  Iron  Co.,  the  Durham  and  the  Ringwood  iron  works, 
as  ell  as  numerous  mines  of  iron  ore  and  coal.  As  president  of 
the  Alliance  Coal  Co.,  and  director  of  the  Lehigh  &  Wilkes-Barre 
Coal  Co.,  as  well  as  a  personal  friend  of  Franklin  B.  Gowen,  he 
became  acquainted  with  the  inner  history  of  the  memorable  campaign 
against  the  '  Molly  Maguires',  and  has  since  been  known  aa  a  fearless 
opponent  of  all  tyranny  practised  in  the  name  of  labor.  His  articles  on 
'Lal)or  and  Law',  'Labor  and  Liberty',  etc.,  published  in  the  'Engineering 
and  Mining  Journal'  at  the  time  of  the  Homestead  riots,  attracted  wide 
attention  and  for  these,  as  well  as  similarly  frank  discussions  of  the  opera- 
tions of  the  Western  Federation  of  Miners  in  Montana,  Idaho,  and  Colo- 
rado, he  received  special  denunciations  and  threats  from  the  labor-unions 
thus  criticised.  While  connected  with  Cooper,  Hewitt  &  Co.,  he  also 
assisted  Abram  S.  Hewitt  in  the  management  of  C  •'^'.er  Union  and  for 
many  years  directed  the  Saturday  Evening  Free  i'opular  Lectures  on 
science,  etc.,  which  constituted  the  beginning  of  what  has  since  become 
a  vast  lecture  system  in  the  city  of  New  York. 

From  1885  to  1889,  he  was  one  of  the  three  New  York  State  Com- 
missioners of  Electric  Subways  for  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  served  as 
member  and  secretary  of  the  board,  preparing  its  final  report,  which  was 
generally  regarded  as  the  best  statement  of  the  problem  of  municipal 
engineering  and  policy  involved  in  the  distribution  of  electric  conductors. 
At  the  close  of  his  official  term  as  Commissioner,  he  became  consulting 
engineer  to  the  New  York  &  New  Jersey  Telephone  Co.,  which  position 
he  retained  for  many  years. 

In  1898,  Dr.  Raymond  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  New  York  Stale  and  of  the  Federal  District  and  Circuit  Courts,  his 
practice  being  confined  to  cases  involving  either  mining  or  patent  law, 
in  the  former  of  which  he  was  a  leading  authority.     In  1903  he  was 


"^"fasrwi-wev-Tr 


l<i 


KIor.KAPHY 


lecturer  on  mining  law  at  Columbia  University,  New  York.  He  had 
also  delivered  numerous  addresses  at  other  coIlcKes  and  universities, 
including  Yale,  Cornell,  Pittsburgh,  Lehigh,  Lafayette,  Union,  California, 
the  Worcester  Polytechnic,  and  the  New  York  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons. 

An  original  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
he  served  as  its  vice-president  in  1871,  1876,  and  1877,  president  from 
1872  to  1875,  and  secretary  from  1884  to  1911.  In  the  last  capacity  he 
edit^'d  40  of  the  annual  volumes  of  Tran.sactions,  to  which  he  liberally 
contributed  essays,  especially  pertaining  to  the  Federal  mining  laws, 
as  well  as  other  articles  of  importance. 

In  1911,  Dr.  Raymond  resigned  his  position  as  secretary  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  of  which  he  was  after  that 
time  secretary  emeritus. 

Dr.  Raymond  was  the  editor  of  the  'American  Journal  of  Mining' 
from  1867  to  1868,  of  the  same  periodical  under  the  title, 'Engineering  and 
Mining  Journal'  from  1868  to  1890,  and  thereafter  was  a  special  con- 
tributor to  that  journal.  In  1884,  he  prepared  for  the  U.  S.  Geo- 
logical Survey  a  historical  sketch  of  mining  law  which  was  sul>se- 
quently  translated  into  (lerman  and  published  in  full  Ly  the  'Journal  des 
Bergrechts',  the  only  periodical  in  the  world  devoted  exclusively  to  the 
subject  of  mining  jurisprudence,  and  for  whi;  h  he  received  high  praise. 

In  addition  to  the  official  works  previously  mentioned  he  was  the 
author  of  'Die  Leibgarde'  (1863),  a  German  translation  of  'The  Story 
of  the  Guard'  by  Mrs.  Jessie  Benlon  Fremont  (1863);  'The  Children's 
Week'  (1871);  'Brave  Hearts'  (1873);  'The  Man  in  the  Moon  and 
Other  People'  (1874);  'The  Book  of  Job'  (1878);  'The  Merry-go- 
Round'  (1880);  'Camp  and  Cabin'  (1880);  'A  Glossary  of  Mining  and 
Metallurgical  Terms'  (1881);  'Memorial  of  Alexander  Mining  Law' 
(1883-95);  'Two  Ghosts  and  Other  Christmas  Stories'  (1887);  'The 
Life  of  Peter  Cooper'  (1897);  various  technical  works  and  papers  on 
mining  law,  as  well  as  numerous  addresses  and  magazine  articles,  and 
contributions  to  several  American  dictionaries  and  encyclopedias. 

In  1909,  in  collaboration  with  W.  R.  Ingalls,  he  contributed  to  the 
first  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress,  held  at  Santiago,  Chile,  a  paper 
on  'The  Mineral  Wealth  of  America',  and  at  the  second  congress,  which 
assembled  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1915,  he  was  represented  by  a  paper 
entitled  'The  Value  of  Technical  Societies  to  Mining  Engitieers'. 
'The  Conservation  of  Natural  Resources  by  Legislation'  was  delivered 
in  1909  before  a  joint  meeting  of  the  four  national  engineering  so.  ieties. 

In  1916,  Dr.  Raymond  published  a  volume  of  poems,  entitled  'Chris- 
tus  Con.soiator  atul  Other  Poems'.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  at 
work  upon  a  history  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
which  he  hoped  to  finish  this  year. 


mtan 


BIOGRAPHY 


17 


la  1910  th(^  7()th  birthday  of  Dr.  Raymond  was  celehrarfd  hy  a 
(li»n«>r  at  which  all  hranchos  of  the  cnginoeriiiK  F""«>'"<'««i<">.  *h«'  scientific 
and  learned  societies,  and  the  prominent  institutions  of  learning;  were 
represented.  On  this  ofcasion  the  gold  medal  of  the  Institution  of 
Mining  and  Metallurgy  was  awarded  to  Dr.  Raymond  "in  re(OKnition 
of  (<minent  .services  and  lifelong  devotion  to  the  science  and  practice  of 
mining  and  metallurgy,  and  of  his  numerous  and  valuable  contributions 
to  technical  literature". 

In  1911 ,  during  the  visit  to  Japan  of  members  and  guests  of  the  Ameri- 
can Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  Dr.  Raymond  received  from  the 
Mikado  the  distinction  of  Chevalier  of  the  Order  of  the  Rising  Sun, 
fourth  cla.s.s — the  highest  ever  given  to  foreigners  not  of  roypl  blood — 
"for  eminent  services  to  the  mining  industry  of  Japan".  Those  services 
consisted  in  advice  and  assistance  rendered  in  America  to  Japanese 
engineers,  students,  and  officials  throughout  a  period  of  more  than  25 
years. 

Dr.  Raymond  was  an  honorary  member  of  the  Society  of  Civil  Engi- 
neers of  France,  the  Iron  and  Steel  Institute  and  the  Institution  of  Mining 
and  Metallurgy  of  Great  Britain,  the  Mining  Society  of  Nova  S  otia,  and 
the  Australasian  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.  He  was  a  fellow  of  the 
Americ  an  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  and  of  the  American 
Geographical  Society,  a  member  of  the  American  Philosophical  Society, 
the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  Ameri-an  Forestry 
Association,  and  various  other  technical  and  scientific  organizations  both 
at  home  and  abroad.  He  received  the  degree  of  Ph.D.  from  Lafayette 
College  in  1868,  and  that  of  LL.D.  from  Lehigh  University  in  1906.  On 
the  latter  occasion,  .speaking  as  an  adopted  alumnus  of  the  University, 
he  delivered  to  the  graduating  classes  an  address  on  '  Profes.sional  Ethics ' 
which  has  been  widely  quoted  and  approved. 

In  February  1915,  Dr.  Raymond  delivered  the  commemorative  ad- 
dress on  the  150th  anniversary  of  the  foundation  of  the  U'liversity  of 
Pittsburgh,  and  received  from  that  Institution  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D. 

On  March  3,  1863,  at  Brooklyn,  New  York,  he  married  Sarah  Mellen, 
daughter  of  William  R.  and  Mary  (Fiske)  Dwight  of  that  city.  Of  their  five 
children  two  survived  to  adult  years;  Alfred  (born  1865,  died  1901),  an 
architect  and  engineer  of  thorough  training  and  great  promise;  and 
Elizabeth  Dwight  (born  1868),  since  1892  the  wife  of  H.  P.  Bellinger  of 
Syracuse. 

He  died  suddenly,  of  heart  failure,  at  his  home  in  Brooklyn, 
on  the  evening  of  December  31,  1918,  and  was  buried  in  Greenwood 
cemetery. 


■WB 


RnHanevw" 


Biographical  Sketch 

Bv  Elizabeth  D.  J{.  Bellinc.bk 

IlosHiter  Worthington  Raymond  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  the 
27th  of  April,  184().  His  parents  were  of  Enghsh  stock,  settlors  in 
Connecticut  and  Vermont.  The  gifts  that  he  inherited  from  them  made 
a  fine  equipment  for  his  life's  work,  hut  that  which  he  wrought  with 
them  was  all  his  own. 

His  father,  Robert  Raikes  Raymond,  was  a  many-sided  man.  After 
his  graduation  from  Union  College  at  Schenectady,  New  York,  in  1837, 
he  had  worked  at  journalism,  studied  law  and  then  theology,  preached 
in  the  Baptist  pulpit  for  several  years,  returned  to  journalism,  and  at 
last  taken  up  the  work  of  teaching,  first  in  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic 
and  afterward  as  principal  of  the  Boston  School  of  Oratory.  He  had  a 
genial  presence  and  great  charm.  He  could  sing  and  act  and  read  and 
reiite,  and  his  fund  of  spontaneous  wit  was  inexhaustible.  He  was  an 
eloquent  orator  in  his  younger  days  and  a  graceful  speaker  always.  He 
had  the  fire  and  sparkle  of  genius  in  all  that  he  did,  and  the  ups  and 
downs  of  elation  and  discouragement  which  often  accompany  these. 
He  was  a  thorough  student  and  interpreter  of  Shakespeare,  and  there 
are  people  still  in  Brooklyn  and  Syracuse  who  remem))er  his  dramatic 
readings  with  keen  appreciation. 

Rossiter's  mother  was  Mary  Anna  Pratt,  of  Providence,  Rhode 
Island.  She  was  highly  educated  for  her  time,  and  was  by  nature  a 
student.  She  was  proficient  in  mathematics,  in  music,  and  in  lan- 
guages, and  kept  the  love  of  study  all  through  her  life  to  such  a  degree 
that  it  was  no  rare  sight  even  in  her  very  latest  years  to  see  her  going 
upstairs  at  bedtime  with  a  book  in  French  or  Itahan  under  one  ai  n  and  a 
dictionary — in  case  of  need — under  the  other.  Her  prc^sence  was  a 
quiet  one.  She  was  an  indefatigable  worker  at  whatsoever  her  hand 
found  to  do,  either  in  the  way  of  household  duties  or  hospitalities,  and 
she  was  possessed  of  a  power  of  concentration  often  mistakable  for 
absence  of  mind.  She  always  knew  where  things  were,  antf  also  where 
they  belonged,  which  is  different;  and  in  consequence  of  this  valuable 
faculty,  and  because  of  her  clear  dispas^sionate  judgment  in  all  per- 
plexities, she  was  leaned  upon  and  referred  to,  not  only  by  the  hou.sehold 
Init  the  larger  family  circle  as  well.  If  I  should  say  that  Rossiter  received 
briiliaiicy  from  hi.s  father  and  steadiness  of  purpu.se  from  his  mother, 
that  would  imply  what  is  not  true — that  his  mother  was  not  l)rilliant 
and  his  father  was  infirm  of  purpose;  but  it  is  fair  to  say  that  what  was 

18 


flB^ 


'om 


■HHS" 


■  'k-K-MF- 


rEv 


RLIZABETH  D.  R.  RRTXINGGR 


If) 


'temperamental'  c-ame  from  his  father,  and  that  his  mother  endowed 
him  with  the  dogged  devotion  to  routine  whii-h  stood  him  in  sueh  good 
*>icfu\  throughout  his  Hfo. 

Sf)on  after  Ilossiter's  birth  in  1840  the  family  moved  from  Cincinnati 
to  Hamilton,  New  York,  where  his  father  tooic  a  two  years'  course  in 
theology  at  the  Madison  University.  Just  one  item  concerning  the 
babyhood  of  the  little  son  came  to  light  in  a  passage  of  a  letter  written 
at  that  time  by  his  young  mother  to  a  school  friend  of  hers.  But  the 
item,  though  small,  is  significant.  She  wrote:  "Rossy  is  a  plain  child, 
but  he  is  very  wi.'M'". 

The  years  from  1842  to  1847  were  spent  at  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
and  during  this  time  the  little  boy  was  unfolding  with  unusual  speed. 
His  grandmother  Pratt  was  wont  to  gaze  gravely  at  him,  as  he  sat  ab- 
sorbed in  some  child's  mystei/,  and  say:  "You'll  never  rear  that 
child".  This  mournful  prophecy  is  scarcely  to  be  wondered  at  when  one 
confronts  the  dreadful  fact  that  he  had  mastered  the  Greek  alphabet 
and  finished  the  first  Greek  primer  by  the  time  he  was  six  years  old. 
Bui  in  after  years,  he  himself  used  hotly  to  deny  that  this  was  preco- 
cious, arguing  that  "Alpha,  Beta,  Gamma,  Delta"  was  just  as  easy  as 
" Ena,  Mena,  Mona,  Mi"  for  an  interested  baby  with  a  parrot's  m  >ry. 
He  applied  that  theory  long  afterward  upon  his  own  grandson,  who 
electrified  the  neighbors,  at  the  ripe  age  of  four,  by  talking  of  quartz 
and  uornblende  in  the  dusty  country-road,  and  exclaiming  over  the 
"mica  in  the  river"  when  it  sparkled  in  the  sun. 

If  Hartford  might  be  called  the  cradle  of  little  Rossiter's  scholar- 
ship, surely  Syracuse  saw  the  beginning  of  his  human  enthusiasms, 
the  budding  of  that  trait  of  ardent,  headlong,  uncalculating  partisanship 
of  his  fellow-man — especially  his  fellow-man  in  trouble — which  en- 
livened and  colored  his  whole  life.  For  it  was  at  Syracuse,  between  his 
seventh  and  his  sixteenth  year,  that  he  grew  into  the  knowledge  of  the 
slavery  conditions  which  induced  so  many  good  citizens,  foremost  among 
them  his  own  father,  to  defy  the  fugitive-slave  law  and  operate — with 
much  skill  and  secrecy,  but  the  clearest  of  consciences — the  'Underground! 
Railway'  that  led  from  bondage  to  freedom  over  the  Canadian  border. 
One  occasion  he  often  recounted;  it  happened  probably  when  he  was 
eleven  or  twelve  and  his  brother  Charles  two  years  younger.  A  fugitive 
slave  was  in  hiding  in  the  Raymonds'  house,  and  the  two  boys  were 
allowed  to  go  into  the  kitchen  with  their  father  when  he  went  to  interview 
the  poor  fellow.  For  the  benefit  of  the  curious  and  not  too  sympathetic 
children,  he  drew  the  man  on  to  tell  of  his  separation  from  his  wife,  and 
from  child  after  child  in  succession,  and  at  last  said-  "But,  of  course, 
it  isn't  as  if  you  were  white.  Surely  you  negroes  do  not  feel  about  your 
children  as  we  do  about  ours".  The  humble  rejoinder.  "Oh,  Massa, 
we  does  love  'em !"  brought  forth  a  burst  of  hearty  weeping  from  the 


20 


IIKXiHAPirK  Al.  SKKTCII 


b«iys,  atid  it  is  safe  to  my  that  that  path  of  u-ichs  to  thi'ir  h«'artH  wa« 
ii«'V»'r  cloHod  aKuiii. 

Syracuse  also  was  lh«'  .sc»'rH»  of  imich  boyish  dcvclopiiKwit  of  act-oin- 
plishmonts.  CampinR  and  tramping  and  playing  Indians  (their  boat 
was  named  'Ayacanora'  for  the  lM«aiitifid  savage  in  'Westward  Ho!'), 
private  theatricals  in  the  barn,  and  story-t«'lling  and  guessing  games  in 
the  evenings,  to  say  nothing  of  impromptu  charades  in  which  the  elders 
of  the  family  were  stars— these  were  excellent  ways  to  sharpen  youthful 
wits,  as  well  as  to  build  happy  memories  for  aft.r-lifp.  An  apprecia- 
tive nature  such  as  Rossiter's  could  not  fail  to  profit  enormously  by  such 
well-springs  for  his  mental  and  spiritual  thirst;  his  young  soul  blossomed 
abundantly. 

When  the  family  went  to  Brooklyn  in  I856,  it  was  in  truth  a  home 
going,  for  Robert  Raymond  had  been  born  there,  and  his  eldest  sister, 
Mrs.  John  Tasker  Howard,  with  her  husband  and  children  still  lived 
there.  She  faithfully  maintained  her  father's  lifelong  habit  of  holding 
prayers  on  Sunday  afternoons,  and  to  her  house,  accordingly,  all  the 
memlH'rs  of  the  big  and  increasing  circle  were  wont  to  repair  at  5  o'clock 
every  Sunday.  Into  this  big  gathering,  also,  came  Henry  Ward  Beecher, 
often,  as  a  welcome  member,  and  the  atmosphere  he  brought  with  him 
gave  the  simple  household  service  something  of  the  spirit  of  Bethany. 
To  all  the  children  and  young  folks  of  that  fortunate  family,  and  to 
Ros.siter  not  least,  the  affairs  of  the  Kingdom  of  Heaven  were  as  vital 
and  interesting  as  their  school  doings  or  their  plans  for  the  vacation.  He 
had  now  become  a  student  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic,  where  his 
father  was  professor  of  English  literaturv  .nd  rhetoric,  and  his  uncle. 
Dr.  John  Howard  Raymontl,  the  first  president.  In  May  1857,  he 
joined  the  nienjl>ership  of  Plymouth  Church,  when  its  own  great  life  was 
of  but  ten  years'  standing. 

Another  interest  was  beginning  for  Ro.'ssiter — or  'Ros",  as  he  was  in- 
variably called— in  his  friendship  with  the  Dwight  family.  There  were 
several  young  people  in  the  household,  but  the  youngest,  Sarah  Mellen, 
was  nearest  his  own  age.  She  was  an  animated  enthusiastic  s  hoolgirl  at 
the  Packer  Institute,  and  her  family  circle,  like  his,  was  wont  to  have  its 
good  times  all  together,  regardless  of  age.  Ros,  at  this  period,  must 
have  been  particularly  charming,  with  dark  curly  hair,  keen  and  merry 
eyes,  and  a  deep  dimple  in  his  chin.  He  escorted  Miss  Sally  to  many  a 
meeting  of  the  Zetalethean  Society  at  the  Polytechnic,  where  he  exer  ised 
his  youthful  eloquence  in  debate,  or  his  learning  in  the  reading  of  literary 
papers.  The  romance  was  begun,  even  though  undeclared  and  perhaps 
unrecognized,  before  he  was  graduated,  at  the  head  of  his  cla.ss,  in  1858, 
ami  .set  .sail  for  Europe  on  that  famous  clipper  ship,  the  'dreat  Western'  of 
the  Black  Ball  Line.  He  used  to  enjoy  telling  the  story  of  the  series  of 
disasters  that  the  good  ship  encountered,  and  how  at  last  "with  half  a 


t:U/.AHKTii  l>.   H.  KKLUN(iKK 


21 


rift,  und  hulf  a  crew,  an<l  on  hulf  aliowun  o  of  water,  she  finally  ci  .iwlcd 
down  through  the  Irish  ('hannel  to  Liverpool,  a  surprise  to  her  under- 
writers". That  this  youth,  "in  search  of  his  fortune",  should  have 
opened  his  rareer  by  becominK  third  mate  to  a  clipper  ship  in  distress 
was,  to  the  end  of  his  days,  a  source  of  romantic  delight  to  him. 

He  studied  at  the  universities  of  Munich  and  Heidell)erg  and  the  Min- 
ing Academy  of  Freilnrg,  and  acquired,  besides  a  good  theoretical  founda- 
tion for  his  profession  of  mining  engineer,  a  thorough  love  and  knowledge 
of  the  German  language  both  techni  al  and  literary,  and  a  numl)er  of  per- 
manent friendships  from  among  his  American  fellow-students,  notably 
that  deep  and  sincere  one  with  the  late  Judge  John  H.  Boult  of  San 
Francisco,  which  retained  its  pristine  boyish  enthusiasm  to  the  very  last 
time  they  met. 

One  month's  holiday  he  took  in  the  summer  of  1859,  with  a  party  ol 
six  other  American  students,  on  foot  in  the  Tyrol.  Many  a  reminiscence 
of  the  'Seven  Jolly  Gentlemen'  enlivened  his  memories  afterward,  and 
u  glance  into  his  diary  for  that  month  shows  the  multitude  and  variety 
of  his  enjoyments:  mounti  scenery,  arguments  political  and  philoso- 
phical, jokes,  raillery,  chess,  and  song.  He  had  already  developed  that 
capacity  for  fellowship  in  fun  and  in  earnest  which  characterized  him 
always. 

In  the  winter  of  1860  he  started  on  foot  to  Italy  to  join  some  members 
of  the  Howard  family  who  were  sojourning  at  Florence.  On  the  way 
down,  crossing  the  Austrian  frontier,  he  was  arrested  as  a  spy  and  found 
himself  involved  in  a  serio-comic  adventure,  at  the  olimax  of  which  he 
was  obliged  to  <leliver  a  speech — a  sonorous  patriotic  speech  in  praise 
of  liberty,  in  purest  Ollendorf — somewhat  thus:  "Am  I  a  German?  No! 
Am  I  an  Austrian?  No!  Am  I  a  Frenchman?  No!  Am  I  an  Ameri- 
can? Yes  (Cheers.  Viva  America!)  Are  you  Germans?  No!  Are 
you  Austrians?  No!  Are  you  Frenchmen?  No!  Are  you  Itali- 
ans? Yes!  (Viva  Italia!  Cheers),"  and  so  forth  and  so  on;  whereupon 
the  group  of  (laribaldians,  his  listeners,  were  so  fired  by  his  oratory  that 
they  restored  his  pass|)ort,  procured  for  him  the  best  seat  in  the  diligence, 
an«l  sent  him  on  his  way  with  afdamation.  In  after  years,  when  he  was 
besought  to  write  out  the  account  of  this  amusing  episode,  he  used  to  say, 
with  a  twinkle  in  his  vyv :  "  Ah,  don't  make  me  write  it  out ;  if  I  do  that,  I 
can  never  again  tell  it  with  embroidery!"  I  can  testify,  however,  that 
the  "embroidery"  never  varied  through  many  tellings,  unless  it  lie  that 
.sometimes  he  remembered  more  Ollendorf  than  at  others,  according  to 
his  mood. 

In  Florence  he  was  welcomed  by  a  lively  company  of  friends  and 
(ousins.  The  original  group  had  been  augmented  by  the  presence  of 
Mrs.  Harriet  Beecher  St  owe  and  several  of  her  own  young  people,  and 
for  a  time  also  by  Robert  and  Elizabeth  Barrett  Browning.     Rossiter 


22 


UKMiKAl'HICAL  MKETCII 


slmrod  tlioiiwanderinns  (hrouKli  Floroncc,  Home,  and  Houthi'rn  Italy,  and 
in  the  old  town  of  Halcrno,  near  NaplcH,  they  wen^  dotainiHl  for  several 
days  by  heavy  rains.  There,  to  iM'Kuiie  the  tin>e,  an  evening  of  ki"!!  ral 
contributions  was  proposed;  one  of  these  was  a  [MX'ni  by  Hossitcr  on  the 
Bay  of  Naples;  another  was  a  story  by  Mrs.  Stowe,  which  she  afterward 
develo|HHl  into  the  exquisite  medieval  romance,  'Awnes  of  Sorrento'. 
After  their  return  to  Florence,  our  young  student's  holiday  was  over  and 
he  went  back  to  Germany;  the  Stowes  departed  to  Paris,  and  the  How- 
ards visited  V<'ni<v  and  Milan;  and  there  their  brilliant  and  Iwautiful 
daughter,  who  hati  Iwen  in  truth  the  princess  of  the  party,  fell  ill  of  fever 
and  died.  The  news,  reaching  Hos  at  Freilnrg,  .smote  him  with  all  the 
force  of  a  first  great  experience  of  grief,  and  his  verses,  which  up  to  that 
time  had  Iwen  elalwrately  jocular  or  ponderously  philosophical,  acquired 
,  a  touch  of  tenderness,  which  afterward  was  always  to  l)e  found  in  his 
religious  piH'try. 

In  1861  the  Civil  War  broke  out,  aiul  he  sailed  for  home  in  the  sum- 
mer of  that  year  and  secured  iluty  on  the  staff  of  Major-deneral  John  C. 
Fr6mont,  with  rank  of  captain.  His  service  was  largely  secretarial,  but 
by  no  means  exempt  from  hardships  and  dangers,  and  he  was  officially 
commended,  during  the  campaign  in  the  Valley  of  Virginia,  for  gallant 
anti  meritorious  conduct.  One  unprecedented  pieceof  official  duty  fell  to 
his  lot,  of  whi  h  he  used  to  tell  with  relish.  One  day  when  he  was  in 
command  of  the  camp,  in  the  absence  of  the  ranking  officer,  a  bashful 
couple  made  their  apix'arame  from  the  fastnesses  of  the  mountains,  in 
search  of  a  minister  to  jx'rform  for  them  the  marriage  ceremony.  They 
were  (lis;  oaccrted  to  find  the  country  in  a  staf<  war;  there  were  no 
ministers  to  l)e  had,  nor  indeed  any  magistrates;  ;  i  the  swain  stared  at 
his  sweetheart  and  she  stared  at  him,  utterly  at  a  lo.ss  as  (o  the  next  step 
to  take.  The  appeal  of  the  situation  was  not  to  be  resisted,  and  Captain 
Raymond  came  to  the  rescue.  Upon  a  I;irge  and  impressive  sheet  of 
fool.s-cap  paper  he  created  a  document,  setting  forth  that  whereas  there 
were  no  ministers  of  the  Gospel  in  the  vicinity,  and  whereas  the  nearest 
ujagistrate  was  many  miles  away,  and  whereas  the  commanding  officer  of 
this  post  was  absent,  and  whereas  this  couple  had  made  a  long  journey 
from  their  homes  for  the  purpose  of  being  joined  in  matrimony  and 
appearetl  to  be  detennined  to  go  to  housekeeping  in  any  ca.se,  therefore,  he, 
the  undersigned,  et;-.,  etc.  The  <  eremony  was  duly  i)erformed,  and  the 
confiding  bride  and  groom  trudged  back,  rejoicing  m  their  wedding 
cert  if  'it  e. 

Since  his  return  from  a'  road,  he  had  l)ecome  engaged  to  Miss  Sally 
Dwight,  and  in  18G3,  v.Iu-n  he  had  quitted  the  army,  they  were  marrieil. 
He  brought  his  young  wife  into  the  big  household,  which  included  his 
parents,  his  grandmother  Pratt,  and  his  two  sisters.  Professor  Raymond 
was  so  vivid  and  dominant  in  the  social  life  of  the  family  that  one  is 


KI.I2AUKTII  l>.  K.  UKLMNUKIt 


23 


toiupUMl  to  wonder  how  hiw  son  found  opportunity  to  develop  bin  own 
|M<n*onality  om  he  did;  but  the  truth  remsinH  that  from  1863  until  1888 
when  ProfeBHor  Raymond  died,  these  two  men  lived  ahnost  continuously 
together,  ard'  ♦  masterful,  argumentative,  op<'n-hearted,  consulting 
one  another  !.„.». ^ually,  and  devotedly  proud  of  one  another,  and  withal 
iiH  distinctly  individual  as  if  each  were  sole  master  of  a  separate  world. 

It  was  in  the  same  year  in  which  he  was  married  that  he  went  into 
partnership  with  Dr.  Justus  Adelberg  as  a  firm  of  consulting  engineers 
and  metallurgists  in  New  York.  The  next  five  years  wan  a  period  of  the 
most  intense  absorption  in  work.  He  had  a  faculty  of  banishing  com- 
pletely from  his  consciousness  all  ideas,  impressions,  and  even  sounds 
that  were  not  connected  with  the  matter  in  hand.  Mrs.  Raymond  used 
to  tell  of  him  that  once  when  she  had  Iwen  recounting  something  with 
great  animation,  she  suddenly  perceived  that  he  was  writing,  and  ex- 
claimed: "Oh  Ros,  am  I  disturbing  you?"  To  which  she  received  the 
amiable  reply:  "No, my  dear, not  at  all;  keep  right  on  talking,  but  don't 
ask  any  questions!"  He  had  a  little  work-room  in  the  attic  known  as 
'the  den',  which  was  faithfully  untouched  by  arranging  hand  or  duster, 
and  more  than  once  some  especially  urgent  piece  of  work  carried  him  past 
meal-time  and  l)ed-time,  and  sometimes  through  the  night.  One  of  the 
strongest  traits  in  his  character  wss  his  passionate  joy  in  a  job.  He 
confronted  it  with  delight  when  he  began  it;  he  looked  upon  it  with  some- 
thing very  like  love  when  it  was  achieved.  As  he  always  preferred  to 
share  his  enjoyments,  so  in  Jiis  work  there  was  no  exception  to  the  rule. 
He  told  somelxxly  beforehand  what  a  big  thing  he  was  about  to  tackle  and 
he  told  8omel)otly  afterward  that  it  was  successfully  done.  It  did  not 
seem  to  be  praise  that  he  needed,  nor  a  chance  tr  twast;  it  was  a  hearty 
taste  for  human  sympathy — a  sense  of  team-work  that  enhanced  his 
pleasure. 

In  1868  he  was  appointed  United  States  Commissioner  of  Mining 
Statistics,  and  from  then  until  he  relinquished  the  i  pointmentin  1876  he 
.s|)ent  many  weeks  every  year  in  extensive  trips  west  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains. During  those  years  he  was  busy  also  in  many  other  ways,  for  his 
interests  were  multiplying  fast.  From  1867  to  1890  he  was  editor  of  the 
'Engineering  and  Mining  Journal',  the  details  of  which  enterprise  are,  I 
think,  recounted  elsewhere.  In  1871  he  had  assisted  in  organizing  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  at  the  historic  meeting  at  Wilkes- 
Barre.  From  1870  until  1882  he  was  lecturer  on  economic  geology  at 
Lafayette  College,  and  in  one  of  those  years  he  gave  the  whole  course  on 
mining  engineering. 

Throughout  his  long  absences  from  home  he  kept  up  a  lively  corre- 

pondence  with  his  home  circle,  and  his  letters  never  dwindled  down  to  the 

"expect  me  on  the  5  :  1.5;  love  to  all"  type  of  the  usual  busy  worker. 

On  the  contrary,  his  letters  were  full  of  descriptions  of  l)eautiful  country, 


-TTufW  -»»«^j 


24 


liKHlKAI'HU'Al.  HKKTCII 


HccounfH  <»f  liiN  (iwn  doiiiK**  an<l  tlu-  p«>()|)l<>  hv  nii't,  rhyim-H,  jok(>«,  uiid  iil- 
wavH  KH-af  cntfuwiaMn  for  hJH  work.  HIm  iijoinorii'H  of  thow  (la>M.  which 
inuMt  hiivc  Ihi'ii  ho  full  of  har(l«hip.s  and  fatiRUCH  ami  tlifficiiltics,  s«'«>m  lo 
have  retained  for  him  the  keenest  ze«t  all  throuRh  hiH  life.  He  talked 
of  fheni  as  a  young  man  taikn  of  his  prankn  at  colleKe,  and,  indeed,  iill 
hiH  enjoymentH  wen-  like  a  Imiv'h  in  their  »impli(ity. 

In  1873  he  wan  appointed  Unite*!  Stat<»H  Commifwioner  to  the  Vienna 
Intertmti(mal  pAposition.  In  the  eourne  of  hin  viHit  he  delivered  ad- 
drewten  in  (lerman  at  the  International  Convention  on  Patent  Law,  and 
at  the  International  Meeliim  of  (leologiBts,  and  one  in  Knglish  at  the 
meeting  of  the  Iron  an<l  Steel  Institute  at  Lif^ge,  Belgium. 

In  lS7r»  he  iH'came  a.ssoeiate<l  with  the  firm  of  ('(wper,  Hewitt  &  ( 'o.,  own- 
ers of  the  New  Jersey  Steel  &  Iron  Co.,  the  Trenton  Iron  Co.,  the  Durham 
and  the  Hingwood  iror;  v.  rks,  and  varioiw  coal  and  iron  mines,  as  their 
consulting  engineer.  He  (ontinued  with  them  until  1895,  and  for  all 
l»ut  two  of  these  years  he  sjK'nt  hi.«  summers  in  a  house  on  the  Cooper  & 
Hewitt  estate  close  to  the  Durham  iron  works,  in  Pennsylvania.  Those 
nineteen  sea.sons  at  Durham  Woods  are  gl«)rified  in  memory  for  a  thou- 
sand reasons,  but  chiefly.  I  think,  for  the  fact  that  Dr.  Raymond  came 
back  from  the  city  every  Friday  night  and  stayed  until  Monday  morning. 
Therefore  the  week-end  was  a  time  of  holiday,  and  he  had  leisure  to 
share  in  the  fun.  He  was  a  dating  and  skilful  driver  and  loved  nothing 
better  than  to  pilot  a  big  wagon-load  of  singing  laughing  young  folks 
over  the  incomparable  hills  of  Bucks  county  or  along  the  sparkling  Dela- 
ware at  the  foot  cf  the  Nockamixon  cliffs.  In  the  evenings  there  was 
always  .something  afoot.  As  ever,  it  was  Professor  Raymonci  who  v  ai 
leaderof  the  revels— I  had  almost  said  Lord  of  Misrule-— but  Dr.  Raymond 
joined  the  games  or  led-the  applau.se.  In  the  impromptu  games,  such 
as  Twenty  (Questions  and  Crambo — this  lasi,  a  rhyming  game — he  t(M)k 
part,  sometimes  under  protest;  the  young  people  would  invade  his  study, 
which  was  not  tjuite  .so  solemnly  sacred  a.s  the  Brooklyn  'den'  and  <lrag 
him  away  from  some  iift-over  of  <  ily  work;  but  when  once  his  blood  was 
up.  his  only  rival  was  '  s  father,  and  the  frolic  always  ended  in  jwals  of 
laughter.  The  game  of  die.ss  hardly  beloi.gs  in  the  list  of  his  diversions, 
.so  serious  was  his  devotion  to  it. 

There  was  always  a  great  deal  of  singing:  hymns,  college  songs,  and 
the  latest  operettas,  and  his  excellent  voice  was  available  for  tenor  or 
bass,  according  to  the  needs  of  the  occasion.  Sometimes  he  was  at  the 
piano;  he  had  a  good  touch  and  a  natural  gift  for  harmony,  but  having  had 
no  training  he  played  entirely  by  car. 

His  ((Miiiect  ion  with  Cooper,  Hewitt  «.V(  'o.,i)rought  hun  m  (onlastwith 
many  phases  of  the  coal  and  iron  industry  and  into  an  intimate  under- 
standing of  the  Ial)<)r  conditions  of  that  ju'riod.  .\s  presideiit  of  the  Al- 
liance Coal  Co.  and  director  of  the  Lehigh  &  Wilkes-Barre  Coal  Co.,  as  well 


f  J     y-  -flT.W^ 


KMZARRTM  0.  R.  BRI.LIVOKK 


3A 


M  throuKii  hill  acquaintance  with  Franklin  B.  (lowfn.  he  came  to  know 
a  k'mmI  ileal  alMtiit  the '  Molly  M liKuireH '  and  the  vigoroiw cainpaiKn  aRuinst 
them,  anil  thene  thinK^,  actinK  on  that  winie  Mfunly  imrtisannhip  to  whi  h 
I  have  referred  before,  produced  in  him  an  antaKonit«m  against  the  tyranny 
of  some  laliororKanizationnovei  i  heir  own  niend»erH  that  endured  through 
luH  whole  life.  For  Iuh  outMfM)kenn<'«rt  he  wa»<  not  loved,  particularly 
hy  the  lalmr-union.M  in  Montana,  Idaho,  and  Colorado;  he  nueived  mon- 
tlian  one  threatening  letter. 

He  had  many  loyal  fricndR  among  the  niinern  and  furna?e-men  at 
Durham,  however,  from  Jerry  at  the  foundry,  who  spoke  of  him  aa  'the 
nia«ther'  to  Ephraiin  Weeder,  the  PennHylvanian  Dutchman,  who  calleil 
him  'RoHHy'!  One  instance  of  a<imiraticn  amounting  to  eulogy  l)e- 
lame  a  classic  in  the  fanuly.  There  was  to  Ik'  a  Sunday-school  picnic  in 
the  little  settlement  at  the  Rattlesnake  mine  vrhere  the  Welsh  and  Cornish 
miners  lived;  Dr.  Raymond  went  over  on  horseback  to  take  part  in  the 
'exenises',  carrying  with  him  wveral  volumes  of  his  s'ories  as  a  donation 
to  the  Sunday-school  library.  Old  Willy  Bray,  superintendent  of  the 
Sunday-8( hool  anil  also  of  the  mine,  introduced  the  honored  guest  in  a 
complimentary  speech,  which  ended  thus:  "Ami  I)e8ide8  knowing  all 
al)out  iron  mines  and  coal  mines  and  blast-furnaces,  and  all  almut  the 
Bible,  he  writes  stories;  and  he  has  brought  with  him  some  of  his  story- 
books to  give  to  our  library;  and  I'm  not  going  to  tell  you  what's  in  'em, 
for  you'll  read  'em  for  yourselves,  but  I'll  say  this— how  the  mind  of 
man  can  spring  (ground  among  such  matters,  God  knows  and  I  don't!" 

During  his  years  with  Cooper,  Hewitt*  Co.,  he  served  for  njany  seasons 
as  manager  of  the  free  Saturday-night  lectures  at  the  Cooper  Union,  which 
involved  hi?  invariable  attendant e  in  the  lecture-hall  once  every  week, 
besides  the  arranging  of  lectures  and  securing  of  speakers.  Sometimes 
he  himself  was  the  lecturer.  These  duties,  and  his  work  from  1885  to 
1889  as  one  of  the  three  New  York  State  Commissioners  of  Electric 
Subways  for  the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  his  subsequent  position  as  con- 
sulting engineer  to  the  New  York  &  New  Jersey  Telephone  Co.  made  him 
a  much  rarer  social  factor  in  the  city  family-life  than  in  the  country— 
except  for  the  stimulating  table-talk,  in  which  the  honors  between  him 
and  his  father  were  about  even— but  his  activity  in  Plymouth  Church 
through  all  these  busy  years  kept  him  in  close  touch  with  the  interests 
and  joys  and  .sorrows  of  his  friends,  as  indeed  he  always  was,  no  matter 
what  form  of  work  alworbed  him.  I  cannot  undertake  to  tell  of  his  multi- 
farious doings  in  the  Plymouth  life  and  especially  the  Sunday-school. 
He  had  given  himself  to  these  things  soon  after  his  return  to  civil  life  in 
1863,  .ind  with  him  to  belong  to  an  organization  did  not  mean  merely 
going  to  its  meetings;  it  meant  teachers'  meetings  for  conference  as  to 
methods  of  stuuy,  .social  gatherings  to  promote  acquaintance,  and  a 
thousand  other  things.     In  this  case  too  it  brought  into  being  the  cher- 


'■l'IS'.^  '-tttik 


^fWT*-  Ji    ^•Hfryjgjnr 


[■^u^aj^! 


2(i 


niOORAPHlCAL  SKBTril 


isliod  ciiHtoni  of  writiuK  tlio  aniiuul  Christmas  story  and  reading  it  himself 
to  the  sfhool  on  the  Sunday  nearest  to  Christmas,  which  l)ecame  quite 
as  dear  to  liim  as  to  the  school  itself.  Later,  he  took  in  hand  an  adult 
l)il)l<'-class,  the  projects  for  which  were  always  in  his  thoughts  so  that 
<>ven  in  his  sununer  vacations  he  was  constantly  planning  what  subject 
he  would  take  up  next  with  the  class,  or  what  he  would  recommend  to  the 
class  for  home  reading.  He  understood  truly  how  to  espouse  a  cause — 
to  love  and  cherish  it,  and  to  keep  house  with  it. 

In  1H98  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  New  York  State  Supreme 
Court  and  of  the  Federal  District  and  Circuit  Courts,  confining  his  ca.ses 
to  those  concerning  mining  law,  on  which  he  had  Ix'come  an  authority, 
and  patent  law.  In  1903  he  was  lecturer  on  mining  law  in  Columbia 
University.  He  also  delivered  many  addresses  at  other  colleges  and  uni- 
versities— Yalo,  Cornell,  Pittsburgh,  Lehigh, Lafayette,  Union,  California, 
the  Worcester  Polytechnic,  and  the  New  York  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons. 

He  was,  of  course,  deeply  concerned  from  the  first  in  the  growth  of  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.  In  1871,  1876,  and  1877  he 
served  as  vice-president,  and  as  president  from  1872  to  1875.  In  1884 
he  becan>e  secretary  and  so  continued  until  1911,  after  which  he  was 
see  retary  emeritus  until  he  died.  Forty  of  the  volumes  of  the  Trans- 
actions represent  his  editorial  work,  and  they  contain  also  many  special 
articles  contributed  by  him. 

In  the  summer  of  1899,  in  connection  with  a  (^olorado  meeting  of  the 
Institute.  Dr.  Raymond,  with  a  party  of  some  twenty  friends  and  guests, 
made  an  extended  trip  through  the  West  in  a  private  car.  It  was  on 
that  triptiiat  he  had  his  firstglimpseof  the  Grand  (^anyon  of  the  Colorado; 
it  was  to  him  an  overwhelming  spiritual  experience.  He  had  seen  many 
splendors  in  both  old  countries  and  new,  but  I  think  none  enriched  his 
treasury  as  did  this  unearthly  vision;  and  that  is  why  I  cannot  pass  it  by, 
even  in  this  slender  narrative.  It  was  his  chief  characteristic,  perhaps, 
that  all  his  emotions,  grave  or  gay,  were  .so  spontaneous  that  he  never 
felt  any  incongruity  in  going  swiftly  from  one  to  another.  Tears  and 
laughter  alike  were  frankly  unconcealed,  and  yet  I  think  these  transi- 
tions did  not  impair  his  dignity.  Whatever  mood  was  uppermost  was  so 
genuine  that  it  could  not  seem  ill-timed. 

In  1909,  in  collaboration  with  W.  II.  Ingalls,  he  contributed  to  the 
first  Pan-American  Scientific  Congress,  held  at  Santiago,  Chile,  a  paper 
on  'The  Mineral  Wealth  of  America',  and  at  the  second  congress,  as.sem- 
bled  at  Washington,  in  1915,  he  was  represented  by  a  paper  entitled 
'The  Value  of  Technical  Societies  to  Mining  Engineers'.  'The  (Conserva- 
tion of  Natural  Uesouries  by  Legislation'  was  delivered  iH'fore  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  four  national  engineering  societies. 


fmm 


KLIZABETH  D.  R.  BELLINGFR 


27 


In  1910  then'  was  a  (linncr  at  the  Plaza  hotel,  New  York,  in  honor  of 
Dr.  llayniond's  70th  birthday,  at  which  .ere  gathered  representatives  of 
all  brunches  of  onjjineering,  members  of  many  scientific  societies,  and  shin- 
ing lights  from  various  departments  of  life,  and,  what  was  most  notable, 
all  attending  from  motives  of  personal  friendship.  He  was  awarded 
on  this  occasion  the  gold  nedal  of  the  British  Institution  of  Mining  and 
Metallurgy  "in  recogf..;^'.  nt  i„^.inent  services  and  lifelong  devotion  to 
the  science  and  pract?  (  of  miniiiK  iu-t  metallurgy,  and  of  his  numerous 
and  valuable  contrib'.'iu'ix  to  te<ht  cal  literature".  He  was  presented 
al.so  with  a  handsome  ^i":\-'vr'  of  sil"  er,  on  each  piece  of  which  was  en- 
graved a  picture  representing  soiu.  phase  of  his  varied  career;  and  with 
the  silver  a  sumptuously  bound  volume  containing  many  letters  of  con- 
gratulation and  affection,  and  the  names  of  the  hundreds  of  subsi  ribers 
to  this  beautiful  token  of  friendship. 

In  1911  he  took  Mrs.  Raymond  with  him  to  Japan,  in  a  party  of 
members  and  guests  of  the  Institute,  and  during  that  visit  the  Mikado 
conferred  upon  him  the  Order  of  the  Rising  Sun,  fourth  class,  "for 
eminent  services  to  the  mining  industry  of  Japan".  These  services 
(onsisted  of  advice  and  help  given  in  America  to  Japanese  engineers, 
students,  and  officials,  over  a  period  of  more  than  25  years. 

In  1913  he  and  Mrs.  Raymond  celebrated  their  golden  wedding  an- 
niversary at  Atlantic  City  with  a  quiet  gathering  of  their  nearest  rela- 
tives. It  was  characteristic  of  all  such  occasions  that,  while  the  younger 
people  flattered  themselves  that  they  were  presenting  this  celebration  as 
a  surprise  to  the  chief  personages  of  the  day,  it  was  discovered  when  they 
sat  down  to  dinner  that  there  were  verses  for  each  one  of  the  party,  pre- 
pared by  Dr.  Raymond.  At  this  point  I  desire  to  say  a  word  as  to  his 
home  verses.  Much  has  been  said  at  different  times  as  to  the  simplicity 
and  sincerity  of  his  religious  poetry,  which  had  no  irregularities  of  meter 
nor  obscurities  of  form,  but  embodied  his  thought  as  lucidly  as  any  prose 
could  do;  and  his  after-dinner  rhymes  read  at  various  Institute  banquets, 
with  their  professional  hits  and-their  fantastic  puns — worthy  of  Thomas 
Hood  at  his  wildest — are  well  known ;  but  his  home  verses,  written  for 
Christmas  gifts,  birthday  greetings,  and  a  hundred  other  things,  full  of 
'local  jokes',  love,  philosophy,  and  boyish  absurdity — these  have  a 
neatness  and  felicity  of  phrase  which  was  the  height  of  his  unconscious 
technique.  In  speaking  of  versifying,  to  one  of  the  Durham  young  folks 
once,  he  said :  "If  you  have  a  good  strong  line,  save  it  for  the  last.  The 
reader  will  never  notice  a  little  'padding'  if  you  hide  it  in  one  of  the  earlier 
lines;  but  your  dimax  ought  to  be  as  crisp  as  the  snap  of  a  whip".  It 
would  be  difficult  to  find  any  rhyme  of  his,  however  trivial,  that  did  not 
wind  up  in  triumph.  An  excellent  example  of  his  dainty  workmanship 
is  this  verse  for  a  Valentine's  Day  party. 


28  BIOGUAPHU'AL  SKKT(^H 

A  Valentine,  they  say, 

Is  u  nort  (if  Iriiil  lover 
WliDiii  (ine  ni.'iy  throw  tiwiiy 

Wlien  the  experiment's  u\<t. 

On  these  conditions,  I  pray, 

'I'iike  nie,  tlioufch  soon  we  sever; 
I'd  ratlier  l)e  yours  one  day 

Than  anyone  else's  forever. 

Nay,  I  will  ko  further  in  it, 

And  make  my  utteranee  stronger; — 
I'd  rather  be  yours  one  minute — 

Than  even  yours  any  longer! 

In  Fehniiiry  1!>1"),  Dr.  Uayiiioiul  delivered  the  coniineinorative 
address  on  the  loOth  anniversary  of  the  foundins  of  the  Universitj'  of 
Pittsburgh,  and  received  from  that  institution  the  honorary  degree  of 
LL.D.  He  had  previously  received  the  same  distinttion  from  Lehigh 
University  in  HK)() — the  first  honorary  degree  ever  conferred  ))y  Lehigh — 
and  many  years  l)efore,  in  18<>8,  he  had  received  the  Ph.D.  from  Lafayette 
( 'ollege. 

This  is,  perhaps,  the  point  at  which  to  record  the  Hst  of  his  member- 
ships. He  was  an  honorary  member  of  the  Society  of  (^ivil  Engineers 
of  France,  the  Iron  and  Ste«'l  Institute  and  the  Institution  of  Mining  and 
Metallurgy  of  Great  Britain,  the  Canadian  Mining  Institute,  the  Mining 
Society  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  the  Australasian  Institute  of  Mining  Engi- 
neers. He  was  a  fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  and  of  the  American  (leographical  Society,  a  member  of  the 
American  Philosophical  Society,  the  Brooklyn  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  the  American  Forestry  As.sociation,  and  various  other  tech- 
nical and  scientific  organizations  both  at  home  and  abroad. 

All  the  phases  of  the  War,  and  especially  after  the  United  States  had 
at  last  joined  in  the  cau.se,  were  followed  by  him  with  intensest  interest. 
There  was  many  a  spirited  meeting  of  the  Neighborhood  (.'lub  in  the 
little  C'onnecticut  village  where  he  spent  his  summers,  when  he  contributed 
extracts  from  his  overseas  mail  or  glowed  with  excitement  over  the  stir- 
ring readings  of  others.  Whether  he  listened  or  spoke,  he  always  infused 
a  thrill  into  any  assemblage  to  which  he  came  and  in  which  he  took  part, 
by  the  animation  of  his  mere  prest  "le.  His  country  pastor  said  of  him, 
in  his  addre.ss  in  Plymouth  lecture-room  at  the  funeral  services:  "No 
minister  had  a  better  listener  than  we  ministers  had  in  Dr.  Raymond. 
He  was  a  genius  at  listening;  it  almost  seemed  to  me,  in  our  little  church, 
I  hat  he  listened  out  loud,  v  e  were  so  crtmpletely  conscious  of  the  intensity 
of  his  following  our  thought,  or  going  ahead  of  it".  His  neighborly 
relationships  in  this  little  New  Tngland  village  were  many  and  varied. 
Political  discussions  with  anyone  who  would  pick  up  his  gauntlet,  chess 


KMZABKTll   I).  K.  BBLIilNCiKK 


29 


with  the  ininisUT,  Sunday  afternoon  talks  in  the  Congregational  chureh 
on  the  (Jreen,  and  tireless  reading  aloud  from  novels,  newspapers,  and 
magazines,  any  day  and  all  day,  just  as  long  as  there  were  listeners— 
these  give  but  u  dry  account  of  the  spirit  and  vitality  that  bubbled  like  a 
perpetual  spring  through  all  his  days.  Even  at  the  dinner-table,  at 
the  mention  of  any  moot  point,  he  would  jump  up  and  charge  upon  the 
bookcase,  bringing  back  a  dictionary  or  a  volume  of  the  encyclopedia 
and  making  room  for  Reside  his  plate  as  though  there  were  not  a 
nurnent  to  spare. 

It  was  nearly  C^hristmas  when  he  and  his  wife  and  sister  returned  to 
their  city  house  in  the  fall  of  1918.  His  annual  Christmas  story  had 
yet  to  be  written,  but  the  fact  that  it  was  to  be  the  fiftieth  acted  as  an 
irresistible  spur  upon  his  energies,  and  he  achieved  it  just  before  the 
arrival  of  the  two  or  three  remaining  members  of  the  family  not  in  France. 
He  welcomed  them  heartily  and  confided  at  once  to  one  of  them  that  he 
had  written  not  only  the  usual  Christmas  story  but  several  rhymes  for 
Christmas  (tomorrow),  he  even  read  some,  in  confidence,  because  it 
seemed  such  a  pity  to  wait  a  whole  day! 

His  Christmas  Day  was  filled  with  tranquil  satisfactions;  two  or  three 
overst>as  letters  of  recent  arrival  to  lie  re-enjoyed  with  the  newcomers; 
some  accept  able  gifts  and  books;  the  rhjmes  aforesaid ;  about  at  cribbage; 
and  a  few  friends  dropping  in  at  odd  times  during  the  day.     The  next 
day  was  very  like  if.     On  the  evening  of  Friday,  the  27th,  he  delivered  an 
address  on  the  spiritual  influences  of  the  war  at  the  Plymouth  prayer- 
meeting,  which  was  a-counted  one  of  his  best  and  most  ringing  speeches 
by  the  friends  wl.o  heard  it.     He  had  confessed  that  day  to  Hn'ling 
not  quite  well,  and  when,  upon  starting  off  to  Plymouth  Church,  someone 
commiserated  him  fr)r  having  such  a  task  before  him.  he  made  the  re- 
joinder he  was  so  fond  of  making:  "  If  Fm  to  go  down  to  the  church  and 
do  the  Lord's  l)usiness,  He  will  have  to  take  care  of  my  ailments,  for  I 
really  can't  attend  to  both".     In  the  same  spirit  he  was  equal  and  more 
Ihan  equal  to  his  happy  mission  on  Sunday  morning,  and  went  off  to 
Sunday-school  to  read  his  fiftieth  story  and  preside  over  his  bibie-.-lass, 
returning  all  in  a  glow  of  pleasure  later  with  an  enormous  sheaf  of  ,50  red 
ro.ses  presented  to  him  from  the  children.     All  that  day  was  a  day  of  joy 
to  him,  lit  with  the  satisfaction  of  these  two  recent  tasks  well  accomplished 
and  the  pleasure  in  other  people's  plea.sur(>.     It  was  not  unlike  many 
and  many  other  Sundays  in  his  life — indeed  it  was  a  striking  type  of  his 
particular  style  of  Sunday,  for  upon  analysis  it  would  have  shown  dearly 
enough  that  the  source  of  his  delight  was  in  the  depths  of  his  own  nature 
and  in  the  lavish  outpouring  of  his  own  energy.     Is  not  this  a  foretaste 
of  "having  life  more  abundantly  "?     On  Monday  he  rested  as  the  doctor 
bade  him  «lo,  and  that  day  and  the  next  were  the  only  instances  of  his 
even  seeming  less  well  than  usual.     The  end  came  swiftly  and  most 


30 


•qOGHAPHlCXL  SKKTCH 


iM'iUilifiilly.  Ho  .'ia<i  .htii  in  (•(WiVi-rsatioii,  off  ami  on.  until  early  ovon- 
inj?,  antl  had  discoursfd  at  ..onu>  length  on  the  stibject  of  Gounod's  niusie 
with  one  of  the  family  who  was  going  to  the  opera,  when  a  sudden 
accession  of  pain  interrupted  him— and  he  was  gone.  All  his  departures 
through  life  were  like  that;  eager  conversation  to  the  last  minute,  then  a 
"  Well— I  must  l>e  off"— and  if  one  reached  the  window  soon  enough,  one 
might  perceive  him  swinging  down  the  street,  his  characteristic  hands  in  a 
ready-to-use  attitude  just  showing  from  under  the  cape  of  his  overcoat. 
It  is  impo.ssible  to  resist  the  feeling  that  this  last  departure,  like  the  others, 
was  in  eager  quest  of  fresh  and  inspiring  work  elsewhere. 


Reiuiiiisceuces 

Uy  Lyman  Abbott 

Kossiter  W.  Raymond  was  born  in  1840,  studied  abroad  at  Heidel- 
berg, Munith,  and  the  Frcilxjrg  Mining  Academy;  served  as  lieutenant 
and  captain  on  staff  duty  during  the  Civil  War;  became  an  editor  and 
special  contributor  of  the  'Engineering  and  Mining  Journal';  for  three 
years  was  the  president  of  the  Anierican  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
and  for  27  years  its  secretary;  held  degrees  from  Lafayette  (.'ollege  and 
Lehigh  and  Pittsburgh  Universities;  was  honored  by  election  to  scientific 
societies  in  France  and  Japan;  attained  such  emincnc^e  in  his  chosen  pro- 
fession  that  he  was  admitted  to  the  Bar  as  an  attorney  and  counselor 
that  he  might  argue  a  mining  case  before  the  Supreme  Court;  was  a 
public  speaker  of  both  charm  and  power;  wrote  some  ent^'rtaining  short 
stories  and  some  verse  which  has  much  charm  both  in  its  musical  phras- 
ing and  in  the  strength  and  tenderness  of  its  message. 

For  over  sixty  years  he  was  a  meml)er  of  Plymouth  Church,  Brooklyn, 
and  dedicated  his  varied  abilities  from  the  very  first  to  its  service.  During 
my  pastorate  we  worked  together  in  intimate  personal  relations  and  in  this 
paper  I  confine  myself  exclusively  to  what  I  know  of  him  as  a  Christian 
and  a  church  worker.  My  personal  friendship  antedates  1887  and  con- 
tinued to  the  day  of  his  death,  but  others  K'tter  qualified  than  I  will 
speak  of  his  abilities  and  servic  es  in  other  relations,  as  engineer,  orator, 
scientist,  and  author. 

Henry  Ward  Beecher  died  in  March  1887.  In  the  fall  of  that  year 
I  was  invited  to  take  pastoral  charge  of  the  church  as  'stated  supply' 
while  the  church  was  looking  for  a  permanent  pastor.  This  invitation 
came  to  me  in  the  first  instance,  if  I  retolle.t  aright,  verbally  through 
Dr.  Raymond.  On  my  intimation  that  I  would  undertake  the  service 
reciuested  of  me  if  the  desire  of  the  committee  from  whom  it  came  was 
confirmed  by  the  church,  the  matter  was  put  b-fore  the  church  officers  and 
as  a  result  I  received  from  Dr.  Raymond  the  letter  given  lielow.  Mr. 
Halliday,  mentioned  in  that  letter,  had  been  for  some  years  Mr.  Beecher's 
assistant  and  on  him  had  devolved  much,  perhaps  I  should  say  most,  of 
the  pastoral  work.  Mr.  Townsend  was  a  brilliant  preacher  in  the  Metho- 
dist church,  holding  conservative  views  on  all  biblical  and  theological 
questions;  after  Mr.  Beecher's  de;ith  he  h.vl  preached  a  sermon  in  Ply- 
mouth Church  on  the  Jonah  story,  emphaaizir  >>e  im  portance  of  accepting 
its  literal  interpretation  and  unquestionable  accuracy  a.s  history.  Ply- 
mouth Church,  though  radically  congregational  in  its  government,  was 

31 


•    lane*'. 


»2 


KIlKiUAI'IIICAL  HKKT«'IIKS 


(•sst-ntiiilly  ii  union  church  in  its  theology  iinil  its  si)iritual  iifo.  It  hud  in 
its  origin  ii(lo|)t(Hi  a  creed,  hut  the  acceptance  of  this  creed  was  not  re- 
quired as  a  condition  of  membership.  The  only  condition  was  a  sitnple 
covenant  of  loyalty  to  Christ  and  the  acceptance  of  the  Bible  as  a  guide  in 
the  (christian  life.  It  contained  memlxrs  of  every  type  of  theological 
I  )elief  from  Unit arianism  to  high  ( 'alvinism,  and  from  Quakerism  to  Episco- 
pacy. The  conservative  memlM'rs  of  the  church  were  delighted  with  Dr. 
Townsend's  sermon  and  wished  to  hear  him  again.  The  knowledge  of 
these  facts  is  necessary  to  the  understanding  of  Dr.  Kaymond's  letter, 
which  follows: 

Oct.  14,  1887 

My  dear  .Mr.  ,\M)<)lt: 

Thf  Boiird  of  Deacons  la«l  ninht  adopted  by  a  vote  of  .iiibHtantial  unanimity  (one 
negative  vote  from  a  good  brother  whose  function  is  always  to  vote  '\o'  on  every- 
thin|{)  and  without  a  word  from  any  quarter  not  tlioro\iKhly  cordial  to  you  pe.-sonally 
— tlie  advice  of  tlie  .\dvi.sory  Committee,  as  contained  in  the  document  I  (javc  you 
(in  which,  however,  after  consultaticm,  I  erase<I  the  word  'pa.stor'  and  made  it 
read  'temporary  supply',  'filli;iK  the  pulpit') — iind  appointed  Mr.  Halliday  and  my- 
self a  committee  to  curry  it  out.  The  collapse  of  the  e.\p<Tted  opposition  was  amus- 
ing, but  not  di.scredit.ible  to  the  opfMsing  brethren.  It  had  been  largely  based  on  a 
ii  iscimception,  and  not  at  all  on  perscmal  opposition  to  you.  I  found  out  that  they 
thought  this  was  a  'deep  nuive'  to  prevent  them  from  hearin'^'  thi.>  or  that  man  whom 
they  wantiHl  to  hear,  and  particularly  Townscnd,  the  hero  of  the  Jonah  sermon.  So 
I  explained  elaborately  beforehanil  that  this  arrangement  was  incended  to  facilitate 
the  hearing  of  other  ministers  without  embarra-ssing  suspicion  of  candidacy — and 
then  1  "threw  a  tub  to  the  whale"  by  proposing  that  Town.send  shoidd  be  sent  for, 
and  saying  I  woulrl  like  to  hear  him  t(M»,  although  I  would  frankly  confess  that  if  that 
one  sermon  represented  fairly  his  views  of  Scripture,  he  couldn't  be  my  pastor.  This 
brought  out  good-natured  protests  t.iat  they  didn't  necessarily  want  him  for  pastor 
but  only  desired  to  hear  him  again.     So  it  was  settled : 

1.  That  you  should  be  a:iked  to  begin  the  first  Simday  in  November  ((communion 
service  in  the  morning);  that  Townsend  should  be  invited  for  the  second  Sunday, 
morjiing  and  evening,  and  that  (if  he  accepts)  you  should  then  go  on  regularly  there- 
after.     .-Ml  of  which  we  will  talk  over  and  .settle  tletails 

Can  you  come  to  my  ofhce  at,  .say,  4  p.  m.  t  ulay  en  rimle  for  BnK>klyn'?  We  can 
then  have  a  talk  iiefore  Halliday  and  I  invite  you  formally  or  exchange  notes  with 

you Even  if  we  have  not  settled  all  details  by  tonight,  I  shall  still  wish 

to  make  the  annoimceimmt  of  the  arrangement  as  proposed  and  probable,  so  that  I 
can  get  into  the  papers  the  communication  of  the  Advisory  Committee,  which  sets 
forth  the  requirements  of  the  Plymouth  Church  pa.storate  and  will  check  some  re- 
actitmary  tendencies  that  are  jis  yet  only  afloat  and  have  not  crystallized. 

^  o\irs 

1!.  W.  Raymo.nu. 

I  Kivp  this  letter  substantially  in  full  because  it  strikingly  illustrates 
one  pha.se  of  Dr.  Raymond's  character.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  convic- 
tions, not  easily  swerved  from  the  path  he  had  marke«l  out  for  himself. 
But  he  was  ;ilways  a 'good  mixer';  he  habitually  respected  the  opinions, 


•I  ".-«rc<fj 


ty^js ■S.'-7JB=9^  -MM"'' S-.'ntflF^ 


LYMAN  APBOTT 


33 


prejudiccH,  and  cvtn  (he  iniioranccH  of  flioN*-  who clisaKrcod  with  luin;and 

he  had  the  skill  to  sunonder  minor  points  in  order  to  secure  important 

results.     In  fact,  Dr.  Townsend  was  sent  for,  came,  and  preached  a 

sermon  in  which  he  laid  stress  on  the  doctrine  of  Eternal  Punishment 

which  Mr.  Beecher  had  explicitly  disavowed  and  which,  at  least  in  the 

form  in  which  Dr.  Townsend  presented  it,  was  probably  held  by  only 

a  .small  minority  of  the  church  membership.     It  brought  all  the  memJ)ers 

of  the  church  to  Dr.  Raymond's  conclusion  that  he  could  not  be  the  pastor 

of  a  church  educated  under  Henry  Ward  Beecher's  ministry,  and  he  was 

not  again  invited  'o  what  ^ad  been  for  forty  years  Mr.  Beecher's  pulpit. 

I  cannot  better  indicate  the  problem  which  confronted  Plymouth 

Church  on  the  death  of  Mr.  Beecher  than  by  quoting  a  few  sentences 

from  an  address  which  I  delivered  in  1910,  at  a  dinner  given  to  Dr. 

Raymond  on  his  70th  birthday : 

When,  in  1887, 1  was  asked  to  fill  for  six  months  the  pulpit  of  Henrv  Ward  Bet^cher 
and  then  afterward  called  to  be  his  bi  ccessor,  I  entered  upon  what  1  reeognized  to  be 
a  very  difficult  task.  He  was  a  great  orator— I  think  the  greatest  orator  of  American 
history — and  1  am  no  orator. 

He  had  built  up  a  great  rhureh  filled  with  his  enthusiastic  and  devoted  admirers. 
I  came  to  it  a  comparative  stranger.  The  demand  for  sittings  had  been  so  ^reat  that 
the  option  of  hiring  pews  at  the  regular  rate  was  auctioned  oflF,  and  the  premiums  were 
devoted  to  carrying  on  the  work  of  the-  church,  and  were  sufficient  for  that  purpose. 
With  his  death  this  auctioning  off  of  pews  came  necessarily  to  an  end.  Up  to  the  time 
of  his  death,  Plymouth  Church  was  always  filled,  and  even  crowded.  For  the  first 
year  of  my  ministry  it  was  never  crowded,  and  was  rarely  really  full. 

1  went  to  Plymouth  Church  with  the  ebb  tide.  But  it  turned  and  became  a  flood 
tide;  the  money  raised  for  the  work  of  the  church  was  greater  than  it  had  been  under 
the  old  regime;  and  the  church  work  went  on.  When  I  came,  men  were  saying- 
men  in  Plymouth  Church  and  men  outside  Plymouth  Church—  that  it  was  impossible 
to  maintain  it  in  its  old  locality;  that  we  must  tear  it  down  and  build  smaller,  or  move 
away  and  all  that. 

This  was  not  done;  yet  the  church  is  still  going  on;  and  what  J  want  to  say  to  you 
ladies  and  gentlemen,  is  that  1  did  not  change  that  tide.  It  was  changed  by  the  loy- 
alty of  the  lay  members  of  Plymouth  Church,  and  among  them  all  there  was  no  man 
more  loyal  or  more  serviceable  than  Dr.  Kaymond 

In  the  spring  of  1887,  l)ef ore  the  church  had  recovered  from  the  .shock 
of  Mr.  Beecher's  death  and  was  perplexed  by  problenus  and  divided  in 
counsels,  but  united  in  loyalty  to  its  pastor's  memory  and  to  all  for 
which  he  had  stood  during  the  forty  years  of  his  pastorate,  a  Plymouth 
League  was  organized,  largely  by  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Raymond  and  on  a 
plan  originating  with  him.  All  the  members  of  the  church  and  congrega- 
tion were  invited  to  l)ecome  members  of  this  League;  most  of  them  did  so. 
The  League  was  divided  into  different  denartmcnts,  each  assuming  a 
specific  function.  It  brought  home  to  all  the  meml)er8  of  the  church  some 
sense  of  individual  responsibility  for  the  various  phases  of  the  church 
activity,  such  as  its  prayer-meetings  and  its  three  Sunday-schools,  so 


iV-_.3F"^>»»i 


^TT^ 


.jm 


34 


lUOOKAPIIICAL  HKBTCIIEH 


tlmt  when  I  caiiH"  lo  tin;  chuifli  in  tlu'  fall  I  found,  not  a  (lisorRunizpil 
and  M'attoicd  nicniluTshii),  but  a  uniti'<l  working  body,  held  together  not 
only  by  past  memories  but  also  by  fut  ure  hoiK>s.  This  Ix-ague  Iweame  the 
soeial  organization  of  the  ehureh,  brought  the  widely  scattered  congrega- 
tion together  in  monthly  meetings  held  in  the  Sunday-school  r(M)m  and 
parlors,  introduced  the  meml)ers  to  one  another,  furnished  some  enter- 
tainment, generally  provided  by  the  young  people,  and  rendered  an 
inestimable  service  by  converting  a  Sunday  audience  into  a  ('hristian 
family.  Not  only  in  the  organization  of  the  League  but  in  the  arrange- 
ments of  the  programs  in  the  earlier  years  of  its  existence — and  often 
persons  from  outside  the  church  were  invited  to  contribute  to  the  pleasure 
of  the  evening—  Dr.  Raymond  took  an  active  but  not  prominent  part. 
He  kept  him.self  in  the  background,  though  always  by  his  soeial  qualities 
a  lea<ling  figure  in  the  life  of  the  evening.  Later  we  organized  local 
gatherings  of  this  League  at  the  homes  of  church  members  in  different 
parts  of  the  city.  Partly  due  to  Dr.  Raymond's  directing  activities, 
and  still  more  to  the  inspirational  effect  of  his  example,  Mrs.  Abbott 
and  I  had  rarely  any  other  duty  to  perform  than  to  go  care-free  to  these 
social  meetings  of  the  League  and  act  as  host  and  hostess. 

A  more  difficult  problem  was  presented  by  the  certainty  that  the 
church  would  have  no  more  premiums  from  pew-rents  to  use  in  the  sup- 
j)ort  of  its  work.  Some  of  the  church  memlwrs  believed  that  some  of 
that  work  must  l)e  discontinued,  a  pohey  of  retreat  which  none  of  the 
leaders  in  the  church  ever  entertained.  Some  proposed  that  for  at  least 
the  first  year  the  auction  of  pews  should  be  continued  and  bidders  be  se- 
cured who  would  pay  the  premium  necessary  to  carry  on  the  work.  The 
plan  which  was  finally  adopted  was  largely  worked  out  by  Dr.  Raymond. 
It  was  a  form  of  what  has  now  come  to  be  known  as  the  'envelope  plan'. 
Plymouth  Church  was  one  of  the  early  churches  to  adopt  this  plan, 
though  it  had  been  previously  initiated  at  St.  George's  (Episcopal) 
(  hurch  in  New  York,  l)y  Dr.  William  S.  Rainsford.  The  feature  on 
which  Dr.  Rjiymond  laid  the  greatest  empha.sis  and  which  proved  emi- 
nently successiul,  though  it  was  adopted  with  a  good  deal  of  hesitation 
and  misgiving,  was  a  practical  application  of  Christ's  counsel  in  the 
Sermon  on  the  Mount,  "When  thou  doest  alms,  let  not  thy  left  hand 
know  what  thy  right  hand  do<4h".  Onlj  one  jK-rson  in  the  church,  the 
treasurer  of  the  fund,  knew  who  were  the  contributors  to  this  fund  or 
what  any  individual  contributed.  P^very  contributor  was  given  a 
number  and  the  treasurer  kept  ail  his  accounts  in  his  books  with  these 
numbers.  The  appeal  for  funds  was  made  only  to  the  loyalty  of  the 
church  nu'udM'rship.  not  ut  all  to  'icir  approbativeness.  A  Church 
Work  Committee  was  organized  to  which  was  entrusted  the  collection 
and  administration  of  the  fund  thus  secured  and  a  general  supervision  of 
the  various  forms  of  the  work  of  the  church,  and  Dr.  Raymond  was  nuide 


LVMAN  AllBOlT 


85 


tiu'  first  wcn-tmy  of  this  eonunittcc.  It  was  lurRcly  Dr.  Ilaynjoiid's 
fiiith  in  his  fellow-inon,  his  oxccutivr  ability  in  orjcanizinR  if.  and,  by  his 
first  report,  furnishinj?  an  admirable  precodont  for  his  successors  in 
office  to  follow,  that  ^ave  this  plan  its  success— for  from  the  first  it  was  a 
success.  The  free-will  ofTerinRs  of  the  congregation  provided  for  our 
church  work  in  that  very  first  year  nearly  double  the  income  that  there- 
tofore the  surplus  from  the  pew-rents  had  furnished.  That  this  standard 
was  well  maintained  during  the  subsequent  years  was  'argely  due  to  the 
inspiring  influence  of  Dr.  Raymond  and  the  tireless  efforts  of  his  coadju- 
tor, H.  W.  B.  Howard.  •" 

More  important  than  his  social  and  executive  contributions  to  the 
life  of  Plymouth  (  hurrh  were  Dr.  Raymond's  contributions  to  its  in- 
tellectual and  spiritual  life.     When  his  interest  in  biblical  studies  was 
first  awakened  I  do  not  know.     His  father  was  a  Baptist  minister,  and  I 
suspect  the  son's  interest  was  early  inspired  by  his  father's  interest. 
When  I  came  to  Plymouth  Church,  it  is  perfectly  safe  to  say  that  he 
knew  more  about  the  Bible,  especially  the  Old  Testament,  than  most 
mmisters  do.     Whether  he  made  use  of  the  Greek  or  the  Hebrew  in  his 
biblical  studies  I  do  not  know,  but  he  was  thoroughly  familiar  with  the 
German  language  and  with  German  scholarship,  though  never  poisoned 
with  the  curious  German  ambition  to  discover  something  to  say  that 
nobody  had  ever  said  U'fore.     Before  I  had  come  to  Brooklyn,  Rossiter 
W.  Raymond  had  given  a  course  of  lectures  on  the  Old  Testament  which 
had  such  attractive  power  that  tht;  lecture-room  of  Plyinouth  Church 
was   filled   on    Sunday   evenings   by   an  audience  which  came  to  hear 
him  while  the  church  was  crowded  with  a  congregation  gathered  to  hear 
Mr.  Bcecher  on  other  themes.     Mr.  Beecher's  service  to  the  church  and 
to  the  country  by  his  advocacy  of  evolution  and  subsequently  of  the  so- 
called  higher  criticism,  when  both  were  either  ignored  or  condemned  by 
the  great  body  of  clery    in  all  denominations,  was  at  the  time  well  known, 
though  now  too  generally  forgotten.     His  sermons  on  'Evolution  and 
Religion'  were  pubHshed  in  1880,  and  his  sermons  on  bible  studies,  in 
1893.     I  have  always  Ijelieved  that  the  inspiration  for  his  attitude  on 
both  these  subjects  came  largely  from  Dr.  Raymond  and  Thomas  G. 
Shearman.     Certainly  he  had  no  more  faithful  and  loyal  supporters  in 
this  campaign  for  a  larger  and  freer  interpretation  of  the  Bible. 

Dr.  Raymond  had  what  biblical  scholars  generally  lack— imagination. 
To  him  the  Bible  was  literature,  and  the  rules  of  philology  and  grammar 
are  not  of  themselves  sufficient  for  the  interpretation  of  literature.  To 
understand  Milton  or  Browning  one  must  know  something  more  than 
the  ol.l  .Angln-Saxon  language  or  the  rules  in  'Murray's  Grammar'  or  even 
those  of  'Blair's  Rhetoric'.  Dr.  Raymond  could  see  the  truth  in  poetry 
or  fiction  as  well  as  in  history;  and  when  he  was  through  with  his  careful 
analysis  of  a  historical  pa.s.sage,  he  could  himself  visuaUzeit  and  so  portray 


:)(i 


nitXillAPllirAb  SKETCIIKS 


if  tliiif  others  coiild  slmic  liis  viHion.  He  was  ii«»t  rontciiiptiioiis  of 
truditions  or  convent  ionw,  l»Ut  lie  wiis  not  hoiiiul  by  tlicin.  Ho  was  not 
Ciller  to  reject  ii  view  iKMiuse  it  hint  In-en  conunon,  l)iit  neither  did  its 
commonness  prevent  him  from  rejecting  it  if  better  scliohirship  showed 
it  not  to  l»e  true.  This  quahty  made  him  a  rare  inti'rpref(>r  of  S(ri|)ture 
and  ecpiipped  him  for  two  other  services  whii  li  he  rendered  to  and  through 
Plymouth  Chunii. 

I'ntil  the  death  of  Thomas  (J.  Shearman  called  him  to  the  suiM-rin- 
tendency  of  the  Sunday-school,  Dr.  Raymond  carried  on  a  large  and 
interested  I )il de-class.  Hut  perhai)s  more  important  still  was  the  spiri- 
tual service  ho  rendered  in  his  prayer-meeting  talks.  Th<>se  were  appar- 
ently spontaneous,  hut  his  biblical  scholarship,  his  vivid  imagination, 
his  genial  humor,  and  his  warm  heart  made  them  always  interesting  and 
often  of  unique  value.  I  wish  that  they  could  have  Im-oh  taken  down  and 
published  in  book  form.  They  would  have  contributed  a  very  real 
addition  to  our  devotional  literature.  They  never  were  taken  down, 
and  though  1  do  not  think  that  the  presence  of  a  short-hand  writer  in  the 
prayer-me(>ting  would  have  made  any  difference  to  Dr.  Raymond,  it 
wouKl  have  stricken  with  dumbness  some  of  those  accustomed  to  take 
|)art  in  what  was  a  very  free  family  gathering,  and  he  would  have  l)oen 
one  of  the  first  to  oppose  such  a  plan  if  it  had  been  propo.'-od. 

It  would,  however,  )  '  aps,  be  possible  to  make  a  selection  of  his 
C'hristmas  stories.  Iv.e'  hristmas  he  wrote  and  read  to  the  Sunday- 
school  a  story,  a  service  which  he  rendered  without  a  single  break  for 
50  years.  The  last  story  read  a  few  days  before  his  death  was  his  fifti(>th. 
The.se  were  not  stories  with  a  moral;  nor  were  they  mere  contributions 
to  the  entertainment  of  an  hour.  The  moral  was  in  the  story,  not  ap- 
p«  aded  to  it  nor  drawn  from  it.  The  fiftieth  I  have  not  .seen;  the  forty- 
ninth- — Christmas  li>17 — was  an  exciting  story  of  adventure,  sure  to 
inspire  in  the  boys  and  girls  who  heard  it  the  spirit  of  courage  and  of 
patriotism. 

One  other  asjM'ct  of  Dr.  Raymond's  church  life  I  have  left  to  the  last, 
because  it  is  the  most  important;  and  yet  about  it  I  can  say  practically 
nothing,  iH'causo  about  it  I  know  nothing  exc<'pt  its  existence.  His  house 
was  almost  as  much  a  pastor's  house  as  mine;  indeed,  I  am  inclined  to 
think  ho  did  more  pastoral  work  than  I  did.  His  home  was  a  spiritual 
centre.  (Jo  there  almost  any  evening  excr>pf  Friday,  when  ho  was 
always  at  our  prayer-meeting,  and  I  w()uld  find  some  young  people, 
perhaps  only  one,  perhaps  half  a  dozen,  perhaps  in  frolic,  jM-rhaps  in 
group  conversation;  but  (piite  as  prol)ably,  one  talking  quietly  with  Dr. 
Ilaymond  and  another  as  quietly  with  Mrs.  R,iymnnfl.  Both  husband 
and  wife  had  the  rare  faculty  of  drawing  out  the  secret  exporionees  of  the 
yoimg,  even  of  the  shy.  Of  course,  I  did  not  know  what  was  the  subject 
of  the.se  personal  conforenco.s,  though  sometimes  those  who  had  been  put 


r.VMAX  ABHOTT 


37 


on  their  way  told  inc  Rrat.'fiilly  iifttTwanl.  aiid  o.-casionally  Dr.  Raymoiul 
would  consult  with  ni.'  n'spfctinu;  tho  counHPl  hi-  liad  Riven,  or  wouIm 
Kivc,  in  sonw  rxc.'ptional  lasi'.  In  my  corrcspondrn.c  I  find  the  co;  v 
of  a  lonu  letter  written  one  Sunday  afternoon  l.y  Dr.  Raymond  to  an 
inciuirer.  dealing  in  a  spirit  of  perfect  frankness  and  fairness  with  that 
ever-rx-rploxinK  (piestion:  How  can  we  reconeile  the  existeneo  of  sin  and 
sufferinR  with  faith  in  a  just  u  id  benevolent  Creator?  This  letter, 
written  to  one  |M>rpIexed  soul,  is  quite  lonn  enough  to  1h>  a  .sermon  and 
num.  thoughtful  than  many  sermons.  Dated  shortly  after  I  came  to 
Plymouth  C'hunh,  I  suspe.t  Dr.  Iliiymond  sent  it  to  me.  that  I  might 
know  the  sort  of  quest ioning  I  would  have  to  meet  in  the  minds  of  my 
.-ongregafion.  From  it  I  (luote  one  paragraph  In-cause  it  illustrates  not 
only  the  thoroughr;ess  of  his  thinking  and  the  conciseness  of  his  style, 
but  also  a  fundamental  axiom  in  his  religious  phil(.sophy— the  moral 
freedom  of  num. 


The  p<)8?il)ility  of  wilfully  wrong  clioic.-,  not  thp  choice  itw'lf,  jh  the  neccsnary  result 
of  frccloin.  The  iM-nalty  of  mx  i«  not  confined  to  the  winner.  Pain  i.s  not  punish- 
ment. Hulf  our  difficulty  iirises  from  our  persistent  belief  timt  it  is  gj,  or  ought  to  be 
We  talk  about  people  suffering  more  th,..n  they  deserve;  we  want  to  km)w  why  the 
innocent  sh.nild  sulTer  with  or  for  the  guilty.  "  Wl,.,  s.nnod,  this  man  or  his  parents, 
that  he  was  born  blind?"— And  we  cant  accept  the  answer,  "Neither"  .\11  the 
physical,  and  even  mental  pain  of  the  worl.l  is  ,  ntirelv  separate  from  guilt  I 
doubt  whether  guilt  .i-s  such  incurs  even  .Kpiritual  pain.  The  penalty  is  not  pain,  but 
death,  and  the  pain  comes  when  the  benuinl)ed  spiritual  life  begins  to  prickle  a8  it 
wakes  up. 

I  shall  not  attempt  to  add  to  this  already  long  papc-r  any  analysis  of 
Dr.  Raymond's  charact^^r.  I  have  never  l)een  inclined  to  practice  vi- 
visection on  my  friends  either  for  my  own  entertainment  or  for  the  en- 
tertainment of  others.  But  I  nuiy  jot  down  here  a  few  features  in  his 
character  partly  illustrated  by  some  extracts  from  his  letters. 

He  was  an  omnivorous  reader.  Everything  was  grist  that  came  to 
his  mill,  but  not  everything  was  equally  profitable.  He  did  not  grind  up 
the  cob  with  the  corn.  He  knew  how  to  kwp  what  was  worth  keeping  and  to 
throw  away  the  worthless.  His  mind  was  not  stored  with  ui  assorted  and 
useless  knowledge.  What  he  knew  he  transformed  either  into  experiences 
or  into  tools  that  he  could  use  a.s  needed.  "He  was  always  an  eager 
listener",  .says  the  Rev.  Rol)ert  E.  Carter  of  Washington,  CJonnecticut, 
which  was  Dr.  Raymond's  country  home,  "  No  minister  ever  had  a  better 
listener  than  we  ministers  had  in  Dr.  Raymond.  He  was  a  genius  at 
hstenmg;  it  almost  seemed  to  me,  in  our  little  church,  that  he  listened 
out  loud,  we  Were  .so  completely  conscious  of  his  following  our  thought 
or  going  ahead  of  it". 

And  he  listened  as  eagerlj  when  he  disagreed  with  the  speaker  a.s  when 
he  agreed  with  him.     Mr.  Beecher  was  brought  up  in  the  old  individualis- 


6S 


HIOdKAPHICAI.  HKKT(MK« 


tic  «ch«H)l  of  )N)liticnl  oconoiny  and  wii-ioUijiy.  My  stu<li«'H  huii  U-tl  me 
in  II  iliflFt'icnt  <tir(>ction,  toward  a  Uirnvr  powiT  of  KovcriiiiKMit,  iiiiil  tnwiinl 
!i  larncrfiiMcliori  of  nuvcrnim-nt.  In  the  stMiolonitiil  splicn'  I  WiiM  nitinitiK 
(•(•untf-r  to  the  soiitiinciit  of  the  (hurrli,  unit  to  the  o|)iiiiMii  of  Dr.  Uay- 
niond.  But  the  diffcrrncoft  in  opinion  never  interfered  with  our  friendship 
or  weakened  his  !4U|)port  for  liis  pastor.  Hix  attentive  listeninn  and  cor- 
dial support  xave  nie  eouraxe  when  without  sueh  inspiration  from  him  and 
others  I  thiniv  my  courage  woui<l  have  faih'd. 

Ka^er  to  receive,  he  was  equally  eager  to  impart.  Hi  vork  was  his 
joy.  I  do  not  think  he  had  to  spur  himself  to  work;  n«'nerally  he  hail  to 
holil  himself  hack  from  it.  His  mind  was  fertile  and  produced  spontan- 
eously. Perhaps  his  hahitual  mnn\  health  was  |)artly  due  to  this  spon- 
taneity, but  it  was  partly  due  to  a  wise  conscietuiousness  in  making  his 
activities  subject  to  the  laws  of  health.  At  one  time  I  had  written  him 
a  cautioniriK  letter,  fearing  from  what  I  had  heard  that  his  enthusiasms 
were  leading  him  to  overtax  his  physical  machine;  he  replied: 

1  Clin  iihiKwt  rejoice  in  my  iiifirinitic«,  if  tlicy  cull  fortli  nuch  prccidiis  fcsttiin«my  of 
iitTcct innate  wilicitiiilc  n«  your  note  of  yesterihiy.  Hut  1  ciinnot  buy  the  luxury  of 
synipiitliy  lit  tlie  prire  of  deceit ;  and  so  I  hasten  to  tell  you  that  I  am  in  the  hands  of 

Dr.  (i. ,  who  is  a  close  (luestioner  and  ot)8erver,  and  ac  prudent  a  counsehir  as  one 

can  well  be,  without  becoininf;  an  alarnuHt.  .  .  Let  me  a.s8ure  you  that  1  do 
honestly  hold  my  bcMly  a.>*  a  iniM,  and  watch  it  as  an  ennineer  watches  his  cnKine,  not 
satisfied  without  knowing  the  eau.se  and  meaninK  of  every  squeak  in  the  nuichinery. 
On  the  other  hand,  I  eonfes,H  that  I  do  not  call  in  a  machinist  to  take  apart  and  tinker 
the  rods  and  valves  on  every  possible  (X'casion.  My  perscmal  experience  is  that  health 
is  the  cure  for  illness — and  that  loo  niueli  doctorinK  is  almost  as  bad  as  too  little. 

Spontaneity  of  service  was  characteristic  not  oidy  of  Dr.  Raymond  but 
of  his  whole  family — indeed  it  was  characteristic  of  Plymouth  t'hurch. 
Rarely  did  ^  "sk  any  meml)er  of  the  church  for  any  specific  service  and 
receive  a  u.  .ination  or  an  excuse.  I  venture  to  turn  aside  from  this 
purely  personal  narrative'  to  in.sert  here  a  letter  of  Dr.  Raymond's  son, 
Alfred,  not  now  living,  for  nothing  from  his  father  which  I  find  among  my 
papers  better  illustrates  this  spirit,  equally  characteristic  of  father  and  >f 
son,  which  made  Plymouth  .so  truly  a  "working  church". 

February  25,  1891 

My  (h-ar  Dr.  Abbott; 

I  have  just  received  your  kind  invitation  and  the  enclosed  card  of  topics.  Yes, 
inde<'d.  I  accept  with  gladness  and  thank  you  for  asking  me!  I  am  a  yfuing  disciple 
and  have  not  yet  been  subjecteii  to  the  deeper  and  more  trying  experiences  of  the 
Christian  life,  except  through  sympathy.  Hut  I  have  exp«TieneiHl  the  joy  and  sweet- 
ness of  Christ's  U)ve,  and  I  should  l)e  fiJ.se  and  unworthy  if  I  could  not  testify,  however 
humbly,  to  its  richness  and  power.     May  1,  then,  choose  March   i;{,  'Christians  not 

Orphans',  .John  xiv:  1.5-31'?  

Yours  sincerely 

.Alfred  Raym()m>. 


■  Xfctrt^'i 


.*.*-ti 


l.YM.\X  AnnoTT 


39 


Hiiiiinr  i.H  not  only  oil  fo  rc<Jui«'  fhr  frictioiw  in  fhc  inuthiiM'iy  of  lift, 
and  inak*'  it  run  HnuHit Jily,  hut  it  iH  iil»o  u  linhtemT  of  individunl  bunions 
iukI  h  nrvM  prcm'rvafivi-  of  health.  "A  m.rry  heart  .ItM-th  k"«><I  lik«'  u 
iiuMlieine",  sayM  the  proverb.  Dr.  Itayniond  loiiibined  with  hiH  «pirit 
of  wrviee,  hiH  eareful  scholarMhif),  mul  Ium  eiierRy  in  .iction,  u  merry 
heart.  The  American  Board  of  Foreign  .MiH.sion»  had  iK'iomo  in  1H91 
a  storm  centre.  Its  foreiRu  necretary  n-fused  to  wend  any  candidate.^ 
abroad  unlenn  they  were  (piite  sure  that  no  one  would  Ih'  saved  in  an«)ther 
life  who  had  not  in  this  life  heard  of  Christ  and  accepted  Him.  The 
Board  sustnin.'d  hiiri.  It  was  a  self-pi-rrM'tuatinx  board  and  the  only 
way  in  which  this  policy  could  In.  chauKcd  was  through  public  opinion. 
Some  foruK.r  contributors  were  inclined  to  withhold  their  contributions 
until  the  policy  of  the  Bo.trd  wh.«  chauRed.  That  was  the  view  which 
Dr.  Uayniond  and  many  in  PI.\ mouth  Church  were  inclined  to  take; 
others,  with  whom  I  jiRrwd,  wished  to  continue  to  Rive  a  liln-ral  support 
to  the  missionaries  in  th<.  foroisn  field  and  trust  that  public  opinion  within 
and  without  the  church,  would  inspire  in  the  BoanI  a  more  liberal  the- 
ology. As  a  resul*  if  sonu.  correspondence  Ix'tween  Dr.  Uaymon<l  and 
myself  I  received  fmm  him  the  following  cl .,    »'t..ristic  letter: 

,,     ,       ^       ,.  Noveint)er  30,  1891 

.My  dear  Dr.  .Abbott;  / 

.ytcr  a  prolonncl  MtniRKlc  witti  my  conscipncc,  it  has  orcurrpti  to  me  that  I  can 
justify  myself  in  sendinn  you  the  within  theck  of  $50  for  li.e  Ameriean  IV.ard,  pro- 
vided I  Htand  ready  at  the  same  time  to  Rive  an<.ther  $.50  to  some  holy  and  zealous 
Brahmin  or  Hu.l.lhi.st  who  will  undertake  to  preach  against  the  doctrine  of  damnation, 
and  not  oppo.s,.  .ulvation.  As  I  don't  know  any  such  apostolic  heathen,  1  can  keep 
llie  $.50  until  h.-  turns  up -which  conscience  admits  to  be  an  incidental  advantage 
worth  cori-.ji|t'ration. 

>'ours  truly, 

R.  VV.  Raymond. 

The  habit  of  set.ing  the  humorous  side  of  even  the  most  aeriou.s  prolv 
lems  of  life  is  probably  temi)eramental;  but  it  was  certainly  delilM>rately 
developed  by  Dr.  Raymond. 

"  If  there  be  joy  in  the  world",  says  Thomas  h  Kempis.  "certainly  the 
man  who.se  heart  is  pure,  po.ssesses  it".  Dr.  Raymond  believed  that 
there  is  joy  in  the  world  and  that  CK)d  means  his  children  to  possess  it. 
Joy  which  the  Puritans  regarded  as  a  temptation,  if  not  a  sin,  Dr.  Ilay- 
mond  regarded  as  a  duty.  Not  to  joy  in  the  Lord,  he  thought  the  sign 
of  an  ungrateful  heart ;  to  joy  in  the  Ix)rd,  the  sign  of  a  filial  heart.  He 
believed  in  the  customary  n.creations  of  American  society,  such  as  music, 
dan-ing,  cards,  atid  the  theatre.  He  wa.s  as  good  a  play-fellow  in  vaca- 
tion as  he  was  a  work-fellow  in  term  time,  but  he  habitually  took  his 
pleasures  in  moderation,  and  it  cannot_l>e  trtithfully  said  that  he  was 
always  ecpially  moderate  in  his  work. 


40 


lil(l(;HAPHU  AL  HKKTCHES 


But  iiiKtead  «»f  trying  l<>  speak  for  him,  let  me  Rive  him  the  opportu- 
nity to  speak  fdi  himself.  AmouK  my  letters  is  a  loiiK  typewritten  one 
of  eight  pages,  sent  to  Mrs.  Abbott  in  1889,  in  whieh  he  gives  some  ae- 
eount  of  an  'outing'  enjoyed  by  him  and  his  wife  in  an  exeursioji  through 
the  Far  West.  In  (ompany  with  congenial  ccmipanions— a  trip  in  whieh 
"the  petty  cares  of  baggage,  quarters,  time-tables,  tickets,  meals,  etc., 
were  largely  taken  off  our  minds  by  our  paid  agents  and  servants;  and  the 
fatigues  and  im  onvenien-  es  of  long  railroad-travel  were  transformed  into 
rest  and  home-comfort  by  our  special  car,  the  l)eautiful,  commodious, 
and  beloved  lolanthe".  From  this  letter  I  quote  the  following  frank 
expression  of  one  pha.se  of  Dr.  Raymond's  character: 

My  four  youiiK  men,  Kullunt  iiiul  active  niul  full  of  fun,  with  the  constant  undertone 
of  rendy  unselfish  service  and  ehivalrir  devotion  which  makes  a  hoy-gentleman  ir- 
resistihly  charming,  were  not  more  youthfid  in  their  high  .spirits  than  the  oldest  of  the 
company.  What  mooning  poet  wished  he  were  a  hoy  again?  What  mad  adventurer 
wasted  his  age  in  sj-ekin''  the  fountain  of  youth?  The  thing  is  so  ca.sy  if  one  only 
knows  the  secret.  If  you  want  to  Im'  a  hoy  again,  why,  just  l)e  a  boy  again — and 
hehave  accordingly!  If  you  would  diink  from  the  fountain  of  youth,  take  one  step 
up  stream,  and  tlicre  it  is.     (iet  right  down  on  your  stomach  and  drink! 

These  are  not  more  figures  of  speech.  I  know  hy  personal  experience,  as  to  tem- 
peraments like  my  own,  and  now  once  more  hy  this  exceptionall.v  thort)Ugh  confirma- 
tory observation,  as  to  temperaments  of  all  kinds,  that  it  is  possible  to  lay  care  aside 
like  a  garment,  and  to  renew  the  soul  by  a  baptism  of  youth.  What  if  we  do  have  to 
put  on  our  clothes  again?    Shall  we  therefore  never  bathe? 

I  yield  to  the  temptation  to  ;idd  here  one  other  paragraph  from  this 
letter  Ix'cau.se  it  illustrates  a  fundamental  phase  of  Dr.  Raymond's  ex- 
perience. He  never  thought  that  piety  and  gaiety  were  incongruous. 
He  felt  toward  his  Father  in  heaven  as  he  wished  his  children  to  feel 
toward  him  and  was  as  ready  to  see  humor  in  a  prayer-meeting  as  to  see 
stupidity  in  a  theatre,  if  it  were  there. 

Friday  night,  the  Deaconess  and  I  went  ilown  to  pray?r-mecting.  There  were 
.'{0  or  40  present.  Mr.  H.  led  the  meeting  »vith  simplicity  and  appropriateness,  and 
spoke  on  the  subject  of  the  .Sunday-school  lesson,  which  w,%s  .Samuel  and  Saul.  When 
there  came  the  'dreadful  patise',  and  nobody  would  speak,  I  got  up  at  last  and  by 
an  amazing  tnur  lie  force  (for  which  I  ipi'te  admire  mys«!lf )  managed  to  cimnect  Saul 
with  the  (irand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado,  after  which  'there  was  fire-works'  for  a 
while.  Brother  S.,  who  followed,  had  a  hard  time  getting  hix  thought  hitched  on  to 
my  rear  platform  (th(!  lolanthe  usually  tolerates  no  attachment  to  her  observation 
balcony).  But  he  made  the  connection,  with  bold  naireie,  somewhat  thus:  "When 
I  hear  about  such  things  as  Brother  R.  has  described,  and  think  of  the  wonders  I 
have  seen  myself — Innddcrs,  and — and — other  such  things,  I  feel  to  exclaim,  '  What 
a  great  country  this  is — and  what  are  we  doing  to  win  it  to  (Christ?'  hrethrrn,  it  seems 
to  me  sometimes  a.H  if  we  were  not  doing  as  much  for  Christ  as  we  might  be  a-<Ioing, 
considering  what  a  great  country  we  live  in:  etc..  etc."  The  vision  of  Brother  S. 
wandering  through  the  va.st  solitudes  of  the  Grand  Cany(m,  like  a  roaring  li<m,  seeking 
whom  he  might  convert,  touched  me— on  the  funny-bone  of  my  soul.  Well,  after 
S.  \mA  redeemed  the  (irand  Canyon  ivs  far  as  was  temporarily  pr.-iotioable,  T.  S, 


LVMAN    ABBOTT 


41 


red€!fiiied  the  meeting  with  a  lovely  prayer  that  mixed  heaven  and  earth,  souls  and 
scenery,  canon  iind  canyon  in  just  the  right  kind  of  blessed  confusion;  and  afterward 
there  was  lots  of  handshaking,  and  it  was  good  to  be  there. 

The  most  distinguishinj?  intellectual  characteristic  of  Dr.  Raymond 
was  his  versatility;  his  most  distinguishing  spiritual  characteristic  was 
his  lovablencsa.  In  Plymouth  Church  we  never  thought  of  his  degrees; 
he  was  never  called  Dr.  Raymond;  he  was  'Ros  Raymond',  or  simolv 
'Ros'. 

But  what  is  it  that  makes  a  human  being  lovable?  Paul  says  that 
"for  scarcely  for  a  righteous  man  will  one  die;  yet  perad venture  for  a 
good  man  some  would  even  dare  to  die  ".  We  all  recognize  the  diflference 
l)etwcen  a  righteous  man  and  a  good  man;  we  respect  the  one,  we  love 
tho  other— love  him  despite  his  faults— yes !— love  him  often  because  of 
his  faults.  But  what  constitutes  the  difference?  Why  did  the  American 
people  call  Theodore  Roosevelt,  'Teddy'?  They  never  called  William 
McKinley,  'Billy'!  Why  did  they  call  Abraham  Lincoln,  'old  Abe', 
though  he  was  only  56  years  old  when  he  died?  They  never  called 
James  Buchanan,  'old  Jim',  though  he  was  70  years  when  he  retired 
from  the  presidency.  Jesus  Christ  said,  "And  I,  if  I  be  lifted  up  from 
the  earth,  will  draw  all  men  unto  me".  Is  the  secret  of  lovableness  the 
spirit  of  loving,  rejoicing,  self-sacrificing  service? 

Whatever  that  secret  is,  'Ros'  Raymond  possessed  it.  It  was  this 
lovableness  which  made  him  a  leader  in  the  church.  When  he  rose  to 
speak  we  wanted  to  agree  with  him.  When  he  proposed  a  plan  we  wanted 
to  adopt  it  and  make  it  succeed.  His  plans  were  generally  wise;  in  his 
speeches  he  always  had  something  to  say.  If  his  plans  had  generally 
miscarried  and  if  his  speeches  had  been  empty  sentiment,  he  would  have 
ceased  to  be  a  leader;  but  it  waa  the  quality  of  goodness  pervading  the 
speech,  the  quality  of  goodness  inspiring  the  plan,  that  made  us  eager 
listeners  in  the  one  case  and  eager  followers  in  the  other. 

This  lovableness  was  the  characteristic  of  his  piety.  It  was  without 
awe  but  not  without  reverence.  What  do  I  mean  by  that?  Both  look 
up— awe  with  fear,  reverence  with  love.  Dr.  Raymond  illustrated  the 
text  "Perfect  love;  casteth  out  fear".  He  had  Uttle  occasion  for  the 
doubtful  virtue  of  submission;  for  perfect  consecration  never  has  occasion 
to  submit.  He  who  can  say  with  the  Psalmist, "  I  delight  to  do  Thy  will 
()  Cod  ", does  not  submit  to  that  will.  Whatever  the  service  to  which  his 
Father  calls  him  mav  cost,  he  delights  to  do  it;  the  greater  the  cost,  the 
greater  the  opportunity  to  show  his  love  to  his  Father.  Dr.  Raymond's 
spirit  of  Uf(!-long  consecration  to  hia  Father's  will  found  characteristic 
expression  in  a  favorite  phrase  of  his:  "If  you  cannot  do  what  you  like. 
I  lieu  like  what  you  do '.  The  spirit  of  c«)n.secrotion  to  the  will  of  another 
makes  tasks  joyful  that  would  otherwise  Im^  difficult,  disagreeable,  or 
dangerous.     It  enables  us  to  walk  through  the  Valley  of  the  Shadow  of 


s2 


BlOORAPlIICAIi  SKETfirES 


Death,  iK^cause  the  Fathersuniinons  us  and  companions  us.  It  enables  us 
to  glory  in  tribulations,  because  His  spirit  is  within  us  and  His  love  is  shed 
abroad  in  our  hearts.  To  this  expression  of  consecration  to  the  Father's 
will,  which  I  lx?lieve  to  lie  the  key-note  to  Dr.  Raymond's  character,  he 
has  Riven  expression  in  a  lyric  which  he  wrote  for  the  Plymouth  hymnal, 
and  which  was  one  of  our  favorite  prayer-meeting  hymns.  With  that 
hymn  I  bring  to  a  close  this  simple,  fragmentary,  sincere  tribute  to  my 
dear  friend  and  inspiring  fellow-pilgrim  and  fellow-worker. 

0  Thou,  who  art  inspiring 
My  yrarning  and  desiring, 

.\nd  hearest  always  when  I  pray! 
Hoar  only,  whatsoe'er  1  say, 
''  Dear  God,  Thy  will  be  done, 
.\nd  Thine  alone!" 

1  could  not  joy  in  praying. 
My  heart  before  Thee  laying. 
Did  I  not  know  I  cannot  move 
The  wiser  purpose  of  Thy  love! 
Dear  God,  Thy  will  be  done. 
And  Thine  alone! 

Such  dread,  my  f.aith  o'ertaskiiig, 
W^uld  silenec  all  my  asking, 
How  should  I  dare  ii  ^tingle  hour 
To  borrow  Thy  aiiuighty  power? 
Dear  God,  Thy  will  be  done, 
.\nd  Thine  alone! 


Ix!t  not  my  selfish  crying 
Disturb  Thy  love's  replying! 
I  shall  not  mourn  the  things  1  miss 
if  Thou  but  make  me  sure  of  this; 
Dear  God,  Thy  will  be  done 
.\nd  Thine  alone! 


Reininisceiites 

Br  Jameb  F.  Kemp 

Doctor  Kayniond  Riaduated  at  the  Brooklyn  Polytechnic  Institute 
m  1858,  and  was  then  somewhat  over  18  years  of  age.     The  Polytechnic 
Institute  IS  the  old-time  school  for  the  higher  education  of  the  boys  and 
young  men,  espvcially  in  that  portion  of  Brooklyn  known  as  the  'Heights' 
the  old  part  of  the  city,  on  the  hillside  above  the  East  river  and  between 
the  two  early  ferries,  Fulton  and  South.    In  it  was,  and  is,  Henry  Ward 
Beecher's  world-famous  Plymouth  Church;  in  its  earlier  days,  just  as  now, 
the  centre  of  liberal  thought;  of  great-hearted,  generous  living;  and  of 
out-spoken  patriotism.     In  time,  as  is  related  elsewhere  in  this  volume, 
Dr.  Raymond  took  his  place  in  the  congenial  church  community  and 
contributed  his  share  to  the  maintenance  of  its  traditions.    By  way  of 
contrast,  a  few  blocks  away  was  the  church  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Henry  M 
Storrs    only  less  famous  than  Mr.  Beecher.     Dr  Storrs  was  scholarly," 
formal,  correct,  and  orthodox.    His  church  was  called  the  Church  of 
the  Pilgrims,  so  that  the  interesting  and  striking  phenomenon  was  pre- 
sented of  two  absolutely  contrasted  colonies  of  New  England  religious  Ufe 
and  thought,  each  presided  over  by  a  graduate  of  the  same  little  Massa- 
chusetts college,  and  each  planted  in  the  ok'  Dutch  settlement  of  Brooklyn. 
In  the  Polytechnic  Institute  the  sons  of  Brooklyn's  families  were  fitted 
for  college,  and,  as  is  not  so  generally  known,  were  also  in  fewer  numbers 
carried  along  to  degrees  in  arts  and  engineering.     Doubtless  for  good 
and  sufficient  reasons,  Rossiter  W.  Raymond,  18  years  of  age,  turned 
away  from  the  Polytechnic  and  from  i.-e  other  institutions  whose  courses 
of  education  ahnost  without  exception  iu  those  days  were  made  up  of 
"reek,  Latin,  and  mathematics,  and  sought  the  training  in  science  to 
had  in  the  universities  of  Germany. 

The  contrast  between  the  closing  years  of  the  'fifties  and  the  conditions 
today  in  Germany  is  nothing  less  than  tragic.  Then  Germany  typified 
.o  the  eager  young  minds  on  this  side  of  the  ocean  the  land  of  honest 
industrious  folk,  profoundly  musical,  idealistic  in  temperament,  and  un- 
trammeled  in  their  search  after  truth  amid  the  lehrjreiheit  of  theiruni- 
versities.  Bismarck  had  not  yet  started  by  his  wars  of  the  'sixties,  and 
above  all  by  the  one  of  1870,  the  simple  and  honest  folk  of  earlier  days  on 
the  course  of  evolution  to  the  Hun  and  the  Boche  of  today.  When, 
therefore,  we  picture  to  ourselves  the  educational  surroundings  into  which 
with  high  hopes  and  bright  anticipations  went  the  wonderfully  versatile 
iniiHl  and  engaging  personality  of  young  'Ros  Raymcmd',  we  must  banish 
from  our  minds  the  sickening  exhibition  of  recent  years. 

43 


44 


BIor.RAPHlCAL  SKETCHES 


In  1859  wo  find  him  matriculated  in  the  University  of  Heidelberg, 
the  one  which  more  than  any  other  typifies  the  jo>ous  yeare  of  youth, 
filled  with  its  bright  ideals  for  the  future. 

Alt'  Heidellierg  Du  feinc- 

Du  Stadt  am  Ehrwi  reich- 
Ain  Neckar  uiul  jini  Rheino- 

Kein  and'ro  i«  Dir  Klcii'li- 

We  nmy  not  easily  reproduce  in  its  entirety  the  learned  faculty  of  those 
days,  but  we  do  recall  that  in  its  lecture-rooms  the  famous  Bunsen  taught, 
best  known  as  chemist,  but  really  no  less  influential  as  geologist.  In  the 
decade  of  the  'fifties  Bunsen  had  made  his  famous  journey  to  Iceland  and 
had  studied  not  alone  the  geysers,  so  as  to  leave  us  his  theory  regarding 
their  action,  but  also  the  vast  exhibition  of  volcanic  phenomena  and  ig- 
neous rocks.  As  a  result,  and  aided  by  the  many  analyses  of  igneous  rocks 
from  Asia  Minor  by  Abich,  he  developed  his  views  of  two  fundamental 
magmas,  the  normal-trachytic  and  the  normal-pyroxenic,  from  which 
by  mixtures  of  different  proportions  of  each,  and  by  the  fusing-in  of  sand- 
stones at  the  one  extreme  and  of  hmestones  at  the  other,  all  the  varying 
grades  of  igneous  rocks  were  supposed  to  be  developed.  We  may  well 
imagine  tlie  eagerness  with  which  broad  generalizations  such  as  these 
would  b(  grasped  by  so  absorptive  a  mind  as  that  of  our  young  Herr 
.StudiosiiK  h'erum  Naturce.  In  1860  Raymond  moved  to  Munich,  the 
'comfortable'  city,  asits  inhabitants  like  to  describe  it.  Franz  von  Kobell 
was  then  professor  of  mineralogy — and  of  him  25  years  later  Professor 
Ciroth,  his  successor,  said  to  me  that  von  Kobell  was  "poet,  painter,  and 
musician,  as  well  as  mineralogist".  If  so,  he  must  have  been  a  sympa- 
thetic teacher  of  young  Raymond,  who  was  himself,  if  not  painter,  at 
least  poet  and  nmsician. 

Although  we  have  in  mind  in  this  sketch  to  stress  especially  Dr.  Ray- 
mond's work  in  geology  and  related  branches  of  science,  yet  perhaps  for 
a  moment  we  may  leave  the  straight  track  for  a  side-path.  In  the  late 
'sixties  and  early  'seventies  I  was  a  small  boy  up-town  in  Brooklyn  and  wiis 
sent  to  Sunday-school  by  a  pifU's  mother  w'th  the  same  regularity  with 
which  Sunday  came  around.  Along  with  other  boys  of  liki;  age  I  used 
lustily  to  sing  the  Sunday-school  hymns.  They  formed,  indeed,  a  very 
important  part  of  the  exercises.  There  were  two  that  especially  appealed 
to  us  and  that  we  most  of  all  preferred  to  have  the  superintendent  give 
out.     The  words  of  one  began,  as  I  recall: 

Morning  red,  inurninft  red, 
Now  the  shadow.s  all  are  fled. 
Now  the  sun  in  cloudles,s  glory 
Tells  anew  the  wondroiiN  story. 

The  air  was  a  simple  and  beautiful  one,  like  a  folk-song,  which  had  .'ome 
down  through  generations. 


JAMKKt  F.  KEMP 


45 


The  second  air  was  more  in  the  nature  of  a  chorus  and  when  once  it 
was  started,  it  fairly  s»nK  itself.  The  hoys  liked  it  letter  than  any  other 
hymn  set  for  thorn.     The  words  ran: 

Fur  out  on  tiw  <le!*_liitc  ofoan- 
Th(<  ''lilor  Hftils  the  sea — 
Alon     mid  tho  ninht  and  the  tempeHt 
Where  niiiny  diinKerH  \te. 

^'et  never  alone  is  the  Christian 
Who  lives  by  faith  and  prayer — 
For  (Jod  i«  a  friend  unfaihng 
.\nd  Ciod  is  everywhere. 

Both  these  hymns  were  written  by  R.  W.  Raymond,  and  probably 
not  a  few  other  members  of  the  In.stitute  in  this  way  first  learned  to  know 
the  name  that  afterward  became  much  more  familiar,  when  they  took 
up  mining  engineering  and  geology. 

In  1885-'86  I  was  working  in  geology  in  the  university  at  Munich, 
and  ilong  with  my  old  college-mate  and  dear  friend  'Billy  Clark',  morf 
gentrally  known  as  the  late  Professor  William  B.  Clark  of  Johns  Hopkins, 
I  went  to  the  meetings  of  the  University  Geological  Society,  whose  mem- 
bership consisted  of  professors  and  students.  The  professors  would  at- 
tend for  the  early  scientific  part  of  the  evening,  and  then  go  home,  while 
the  students  remained  to  'rub '  a  salamander  or  two  of  the  beverare  which 
has  made  old  Munich  famous.  One  evening  when  the  later  exer  ises 
were  well  along  and  the  young  Bavarians  had  begun  to  feel  just  a  little 
subdued  and  melancholy,  they  all  started  singing  an  old-time  student 
song: 

Irh  iri'in  uichi  img  soil  eg  bedeulen 
Dans  ich  so  Iraurig  bin 

The  air  had  an  extraordinarily  familiar  ring.  I  racked  my  brains  to 
recall  where  and  when  I  had  heard  it.  And  then  Uke  a  flash  I  was  back  on 
the  benches  of  the  Sunday-school  on  Washington  avenue,  Brooklyn, 
singing  with  all  my  might  along  with  other  little  kids, 

Far  out  on  the  desolate  ocean 
The  sailor  sails  the  sea,  etc. 

And  I  knew  where  Dr.  Raymond  had  found  the  air,  for  had  he  not  been 
a  student  at  Munich  25  years  before. 

At  the  close  of  his  year  at  Munich,  Raymond  moved  to  the  time- 
honored  Mining  Academy  at  Freiberg  and  added  his  name  to  the  rolls 
of  the  Anglo-American  Club,  where  may  be  found  the  signatures  of  so 
many  of  the  mining  engine*  and  geologists  who  came  to  the  fore  in  tho 
United  States  in  the  next  thirty  years.  Bernhard  von  Cotta  was  then 
Professor  of  Geology  and  had  just  brought  out  his  invaluable  treatise  on 
'Ore  Deposits',  which  was  translated  into  English  by  Frederick  Prime, 


46 


niOOHAPIHCAIi  SKETCHES 


Jr.,  and  piibliishcd  in  Now  York  ten  years  later.  ProfcsHor  voi.  Cotta 
was  notable  as  a  genial  and  kindly  man,  and  one  who  took  a  warm  pirsoa- 
al  intere.st  in  his  students.  Of  him,  and  of  Professor  (iaett  ch'uatin  n 
mining  and  the  author  of  an  exeellent  text-hook,  Dr.  Kayniund  uaed  to 
speak  in  warm  appreeiation  in  later  years. 

But  trouhloi's  times  had  developed  in  the  home  country,  and  so, 
at  the  close  tiis  year  at  Frerberg,  filled  with  the  lore  of  mining  and 
geology,  Dr.  Raymond  returned  to  New  York,  and,  as  we  all  know, 
enlisted  in  the  army  and  was  on  the  staff  of  General  Fremont. 

In  1864,  on  retiring  from  the  service,  he  began  practice  as  a  mining 
engineer  and  metallurgist,  as  partner  in  the  firm  of  Adelberg  &  Raymond. 
The  German  educ'ation  of  both  members  of  the  firm  led  to  connections 
with  others  of  similar  training  which  are  worthy  of  remark.  Hermann 
Credner,  later  Professor  of  Geology  in  the  university  of  Leipzig  and  Direc- 
tor of  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  important  mining  kingdom  of  Saxony, 
was  in  their  employ  during  his  wancUrjahre  in  America.  Our  revered  and 
beloved  fellow-member  in  the  Institute,  the  late  Anton  Filers,  was  with 
them.  At  this  time  an  endeavor  was  made  to  establish  a  body  of  mining 
engineers  of  unquestioned  standing  who  could  be  called  upon  for  thor- 
oughly reliable  reports  amid  the  speculation  following  the  close  of  the 
Civil  War.  The  members  of  the  American  Bureau  of  Mines  furnish  an 
interesting  list  today.  The  Bureau  issued  at  least  one  valuable  publica- 
tion, a  study  anil  report  upon  Ducktown,  Tennessee,  by  Trippel  and 
('redner  in  1866.  Dr.  Raymond  also  found  congenial  vent  for  his  irre- 
pressible intellectual  activity  in  editing  the  forerunner  of  the  'Engineering 
and  Mining  Journal',  and  in  recognizing  in  its  pages  science,  especially 
geology,  as  well  as  engineering. 

But  his  great  service  during  these  years  to  mining  and  geology  arose 
with  his  apointment  as  Conmiissioner  of  Mining  Statistics,  succeeding  j. 
Ross  Browne,  by  whom  the  first  two  reports  were  prepared.  In  the 
reconstructive  period  following  the  Civil  War,  a  period  which  has  so 
many  interesting  parallels  with  the  one  in  which  we  now  Uvc,  Congress 
had  turned  its  attention  to  the  resources  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and 
the  Pacific  Coast.  It  sought  to  spread  reliable  information  and  gather 
statistics  and  descriptions  that  would  bring  support  for  the  development 
of  mines.  The  precious  metals  were  the  ones  naturally  and  inevitably 
sought  in  these  remote  conununities,  but  indications  of  copper  and  lead 
were  not  lacking,  nor  was  it  .so  very  many  years  before  the  old  Germania 
smelter  was  built  in  the  Salt  Lake  valley  to  treat  the  lead-silver  ores  of 
Bingham  and  the  Cottonwoods. 

From  1868  to  1876  we  see  Dr.  Raymond  spending  six  months  in  each 
year  traveling  up  and  down,  back  and  forth,  across  the  almost  inaccessi- 
ble Western  country  gathering  up  the  accounts  of  mines  and  prospects 
and  systenjatizing  them  by  Territories  and  States,  and  under  each  bv 


JAMKS  r.  KEMP 


47 


mining  di«triet«.  In  sonic  instuntcH  the  notes  and  dtstriptions  remain  to 
this  day  almost  the  sole  records  of  many  of  the  camps;  and  to  them  the  en- 
gineer, on  starting  for  examinations,  must  often  ref<>r.  Only  a  few  years 
ago  I  desired  to  look  up  all  the  old  records  on  (Jold  Hill  and  Clifton  in 
western  Utah,  before  going  there  for  the  study  of  some  interesting  con- 
tact-zones, and  could  find  no  records  of  the  camps  except  in  Raymond's 
reports.  Many  miles  of  desert  cut  them  off  from  the  larger  settlements; 
but  many  miles  of  desert  had  not  prevented  the  energetic  Commissioner 
from  securing  and  recording  the  main  facts  of  the  prospects.  One  only 
needs  to  picture  the  endless  and  almost  trackless  billowy  mountains  of 
Idaho;  the  lofty  ranges  of  Colorado;  the  burning  deserts  of  Utah,  Nevada, 
and  Arizona;  the  remote  valleys  and  peaks  of  Montana;  and  the  vast 
extent  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  the  Coast  ranges,  in  order  to  realize  that 
Jason  and  his  Argonauts,  searching  for  the  golden  fleece,  had  a  very 
easy  task  compared  with  that  of  the  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Mining 
Statistics  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Of  course,  there  were  helpers.  Chief  among  them,  and  the  principal 
worker  in  Arizona,  was  Anton  Eilers,  who  brought  to  the  task  the  tradi- 
tions and  training  of  the  old  mining  academy  of  Clausthal,  even  as  Dr. 
Raymond  did  those  of  Freiberg.  Now,  when  we  read  the  beautiful 
tribute  paid  by  Dr.  Raymond  to  his  old  friend  at  the  memorial  services, 
the  account  of  which  Karl  Eilers,  the  son,  has  so  thoughtfully  and  appro^ 
priately  preserved  for  us,  we  realize  that  the  tribute  was  based  on  long  and 
intimate  association. 

The  reports  of  the  Commissioner  were  not  all  made  up  of  the  details 
of  mining  camps.  The  closing  pages  of  each  volume  contain  papers  of 
general  interest  and  of  scientific  or  technical  value.  His  very  first  report, 
while  officially  devoted  to  the  regions  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  has 
a  paper  by  James  W.  Taylor  on  the  'Mineral  Resources  East  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains'.  In  the  volume  for  1869  is  an  unsigned  one,  presumably  by 
the  Commissioner  himself,  on  the  'Relations  of  Governments  to  Mining. ' 
It  is  naturally  followed  the  next  year  by  one  on  the  'United  States  Min- 
ing Law',  in  which  Dr.  Raymond  compiled  the  draft  of  a  bill.  He  also 
contributed  an  article  on  'Mineral  Deposits'.  In  the  report  for  1871 
we  find  a  paper  on  the  'Origin  of  Gold  Nuggets',  and  in  the  one  for  1872 
a  contribution  by  Dr.  Raymond  himself  on  'Electricity  and  Rocks,' 
read  originally  before  the  Troy  meeting  of  the  Institute  in  November 
1871 .  The  report  for  1873  contaias  a  geological  map  of  the  United  States 
prepared  by  C.  H.  Hitchcock  and  W.  P.  Blake  for  the  census  reports  of 
the  time.  In  the  volume  for  1875,  the  'Geology  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  in 
Its  Relation  to  Vein  Mining'  is  discussed  by  Amos  Bowman,  after  an 
introduction  by  Dr.  Raymond,  who  speaks  sympathetically  of  the  timeli- 
ness and  vahie  of  generalizations  such  as  those  set  forth.  In  the  last  of 
the  volumes,  that  for  1876,  the  impressive  review  by  Abram  S.  Hewitt  of 


4H 


UI*)(1HAPIII<AI.  .SKKTCHKS 


'A  Centurj'  of  MiniiiK  hikI  Mt'tallurmy  in  tlie  I'liitcd  States'  is  re-printed; 
it  was  one  of  the  eoiifributions  that  nuuked  the  eeh'hration  of  the  first 
hiuxiretl  years  «»f  the  Hepnhhe.  A  nunilM'r  of  teelinieal  pu|M'rs  brings 
the  volume  to  n  elos«'. 

With  the  completion  of  the  eighth  report  the  seiirs  was  (iise(mtiniu><l 
under  its  old  name,  and  the  field  was  afterward  eovered  hj-  the  annual 
reports  of  the  Direetorof  the  Mint.  In  large dejjree,  however, 'Haymond'a 
Reports'  were  also  the  forerunners  of  the  annual  volumes  on  'Mineral. 
Resources'  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey  which  began  in  1882 — six 
years  later. 

Beginning  with  1870,  and  for  12  years  thereafter.  Dr.  Raymond  was 
lecturer  on  economic  geology  at  Lafayette  College,  where  his  friend 
Dr.  Drown,  the  secretary  of  our  Institute  in  its  early  period,  was  pro- 
fessor of  chemistry.  In  one  year,  we  learn,  Dr.  Raymond  gave  the  entire 
course  in  mining  engineering,  a  branch  that  had  received  nmch  attention 
at  Lafayette  from  the  proximity  of  the  anthracite  mines.  The  con- 
nection with  Lafayette  gave  Dr.  Raymond  the  title  of  'Professor',  by 
which  we  .sometimes  find  him  addressed  or  described.  Surely  for  the 
discussion  of  ore  deposits  and  useful  minerals  to  classes  of  young  men,  a 
teachei  has  rarely  brought  such  preparation  as  had  been  gained  by  Dr. 
Raymond  in  his  European  training,  his  years  as  Commissioner,  and  his 
varied  practice  as  an  engineer. 

In  1871  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers  was  organized 
with  Dr.  Raymond  as  one  of  its  moving  spirits.  We  understand  at  this 
late  date,  after  nearly  fifty  years,  that  he  wrote  its  constitution,  and  we 
are  interested  to  observe  that  the  members  were  to  be  "  all  professional 
mining  engineers,  geologists,  metallurgists  or  chemists,  and  all  persons 
actively  engaged  in  mining  and  metallurgical  engineering,  geology  or 
chemistry".  ( ieologists  and  geology  were  obviously  in  the  foreground 
of  Dr.  Raymond's  thoughts  when  he  formulated  the  professions  from 
which  the  Institute  would  draw  its  membership,  and  the  science  had 
warm  sympathy  and  much  fostering  care  from  him  in  all  his  connection 
with  the  subsequent  development  of  the  society.  The  greater  number 
of  his  own  special  contributions  to  the  Transactions,  beginning  with  his 
paper  in  the  first  volume  on  the  '(Jeographical  Distribution  of  Mining 
Districts  in  the  United  States',  are  geological.  The  most  important 
and  far-reaching  in  their  influence  are  the  .series  beginning  with  the  review 
and  summary  of  the  Eureka-Richmond  case  (Trans.  VI,  pp.  371-393, 
1879),  and  discussing  the  apex  law,  its  applications  and  successive  inter- 
pretations. This  pioneer  and  precedent-establishing  litigatif)n  led  to  a 
broad  and  non-technical  interpretation  of  the  three-fold  phrase  of  the 
statute,  "vein,  lode,  or  ledge',  .such  that  even  a  characteristic  geological 
formation,  with  recognizable  boundaries  stich  as  a  limestone  a.ssociated 
with  ores,  would  <'ome  under  the  meaning  of  'lode',  or  something  that  led 


JAMEH   F.    KEMP 


49 


the  miner  in  his  search  for  (»rc.  Probably  there  is  no  escape  from  this 
interpretation  of  the  law,  niu<  li  an  we  may  dephtn;  the  uncertainty  cast 
upon  tith's,  I  fie  necessity  of  introducing  K«"oiogical  interpretations,  and 
the  enilless  series  of  hiiKious  disputes  which  still  stretch  away  into  the 
future.  Since  retroactive  legislation  is  out  of  the  question,  we  realize 
more  and  more  stnmjtiy  that  combinations  of  conflictinj?  interests  into 
larKe  operating  companies  furnish  the  reasonable  way  out. 

To  Dr.  Raymond's  keen  analysis  and  ability  to  go  to  the  heart  of  a 
problem,  and  to  his  preparation  both  on  the  legal  and  the  scientific  side, 
we  owe  the  invaluah'^'  list  of  papers  in  the  Transactions  in  which  from 
time  to  time  he  followed  up  the  evolution  of  the  apex  decisions  and  com- 
mented upon  them.  His  years  of  travel  as  Commissioner  and  his  personal 
famiharity  with  Western  camps,  habits  of  thought,  and  customs  made  him 
pecuUarly  fitted  for  the  discussion  of  this  theme. 

The  Chicago  E.xposition  of  1893,  celebrating,  although  a  year  late,  the 
fourth  centenary  of  the  discovery  of  the  Western  World,  furnished  a 
fitting  setting  for  a  great  meeting  of  the  Institute.     By  a  fortunate 
coincidence  a  year  or  two  More,  Franz  Posepny,  the  veteran  Austrian 
mining  geologist,  had  sent  to  the  secretary  of  the  Institute  a  remarkable 
manuscript  in  German,  on  the  'Origin  of  Ore  Deposits'.     For  ten  years 
Posepny  had  lectured  in  the  Mining  Academy  at  Pribram,  Bohemia.     In 
the  late  'seventies  the  investigations  of  Professor  Fridolin  Sandberger,  of 
the  University  of  Wurzburg,  upon  the  relations  of  wall-rocks  to  the  min- 
erals of  their  veins,  and  his  dv  velopment  of  strongly  emphasized  support 
for  the  old-time  theory  of  'lateral  .secretion',  had  aroused  much  interest 
in  the  general  topic  of  the  origin  of  ores.     The  Freiberg  geologists,  repre- 
sented in  this  instance  by  Alfred  Stelzner,  the  professor  at  the  Mining 
Academy,  were  naturally  opposed  to  these  views  and  supported  the  theory 
of  uprising  solutions.     Face  to  face  every  day  with  deep  fissure-veins  in 
several  successive  series,  each  cormected  with  an  outbreak  of  igneous 
rocks,  the  Saxon  geologists  even  as  early  as  Agricola  had  favored  these 
views.     The  quaint  and  curious  thesis  of  Werner  in  the  closing  years  of  the 
18th  century,  that  the  fissures  had  been  filled  by  precipitation  from  an 
overlying  ocean,  was  but  a  temporary  departure  from  the  well-nigh 
inevitable    interpretation.     Hence,    between    Sandberger    the    'lateral 
secretionist'  on  the  one  side,  and  Stelzner  the  "infiltration  ascensionist " 
on  the  other,  a  vigorous  controversy  raged.     As  a  test  case  Pribram  was 
selected,  and  some  special  investigations  were  conducted  in  its  deep  shafts 
and  drifts.     So  much  interest  was  aroused  that  Posepny  was  in  the  end 
called  from  the  Austrian  mining-school  at  Leoben  to  lecture  and  study  for 
ten  years  at  Prihr.im.     The  essay  that  resulted  wa.s  sent  in  the  original 
German  to  Dr.  Raymond  for  the  Transactions  of  the  Institute.    From 
its  original  draft,  written,  as  he  has  told  us,  in  script  like  a  copper-plate 
engraving,  he  transcribed  it  into  English,  which  we  may  add  was  written 


50 


niOORAPHICAL  SKETCIIKM 


ill  lii»  liitiul  ill  M-ript  ii«i  I«>hm  like  i-opiMT-platt*  ciiKruviriK  than  wuMPo(ie|i- 
iiy's.  Few  HUthors  in  a  foroiftn  ♦ongtie  haw  had  transhitora  at  once  so 
Kiftcd  with  the  coniinaiHl  of  a  suiiji'ct  and  with  such  nra«'«>  and  felicity  of 
expn'Mxion.  The  roMult  was  not  only  an  int(>r(>8tinK  sunuimry  of  aukillod 
ol>8erver'«  vii'ws,  hut  a  iniiMterpiectc  of  lucid  KnKl '^h. 

Around  the  essay  gathered  a  serij's  of  i'Xtreinely  valuabh>  and  import- 
ant contributions  and  discussions,  accumulated  under  the  guidiuK  hand 
of  the  secretary  of  the  Institute.  All  were  afterward  eilited  and  grouped 
as  a  whole  in  the  separate  volume  brought  out  by  the  Institute  and  now  on 
the  book-shelves  of  every  mining  geologist.  To  Dr.  Kaymond  we  owe 
a  great  debt  for  the  preparation  and  issue  of  this  book. 

Then  followed  fifteen  years  extremely  fruitful  in  new  ideas.  The  part 
played  by  igneous  phenomena,  whether  in  the  way  of  direct  magmatic 
crystallizations  or  of  after-effects;  the  contact-zones  and  their  elucidation; 
th«'  actual  processes  of  replacement  and  the  changes  in  wall-rocks;  the 
phenomena  of  secondary  enrichment;  the  restriction  in  depth  of  the 
meteoric  ground-water — one  fundamenal  question  after  another  crowded 
to  the  front.  Dr.  Raymond,  sitting  in  his  secretarial  office  of  the  In- 
stitute and  with  his  encyclopedic  grasp  of  what  was  passing,  was  fully 
alive  to  the  interest  and  importance  of  it  all,  and  conceived  the  idea  that 
a  second  volume  under  the  immediate  oversight  of  Samuel  Franklin 
Emmons  would  alone  adequately  summarize  the  rapid  evolution  of  ideas. 
At  Dr.  Raymond's  request  Mr.  Emmons  undertook  the  task,  selected 
the  papers,  wrott?  the  very  valuable  introductory  review,  and  alas,  passed 
away  just  before  the  manuscript  went  to  press.  The  volume  thus  became 
the  Emmons  memorial  volume,  and  took  its  place  on  every  mining  geolo- 
gist's book-shelf  beside  the  Posepny  volume,  whose  second  edition  had 
also  become  a  memorial.  Both  these  volumes  we  owe  primarily  to  Dr. 
Raymond,  and  I  may  here  express  the  debt  that  geology  as  related  to  the 
problems  of  mining  owes  to  him. 

In  his  editorial  capacity  as  secretary  of  the  Institute  ind  in  his  con- 
tributory relations  with  the  'Engineering  and  Mining  Journal',  Dr. 
Raymond  was  brought  into  personal  connections  with  many  young 
writers  on  engineering  themes  and  scientific  subjects,  not  alone  on  geology. 
A  word  of  acknowledgment  may  be  recorded  of  the  help  and  encourage- 
ment so  often  and  so  generously  extended  to  them.  Not  only  in  the 
subject-matter,  but  in  grace  and  lucidity  of  expression,  are  not  a  few 
indebted  to  him.  Technical  education  dws  not  always  add  the  gift  of 
clear  exposition  to  soundness  of  knowledge.  Sometimes  the  man  of 
action  soems  thereby  unfitted  for  imparting  to  others  the  fullness  of  his 
own  command  of  a  subject.  Sometimes,  however,  the  conciseness  and 
beauty  of  the  mathematical  and  exact  sciences  that  are  the  baais  of  en- 
gineering, exercise  their  proper  influence  on  the  habits  of  mind  of  him 
who  has  been  trained  in  them.     F.  Hopkinson  Smith,  who  could  write 


JAMKH  F.  KKMP 


fil 


tin-  MMwt  fhaniiiiiK  talcs  <if  Amrricnn  life,  aixi  tranxfer  to  caiivaa,  with  a 
fucilp  and  delicatf  tour*',  the  beautiful  viflta«  that  cauKht  hi>«  «•>•«•,  wiwan 
•■riKiin'cr  an«l  builder  of  light  hciUNes  on  danKenuM  and  wcll-niKh  inac- 
cj'Hsible  rwfH:  Frank  DenipHter  Sherman,  whose  deliRhtful  verwcshave 
charmed  many  thouriandM  of  readcrH,  was  my  own  clu-sH-mate  in  the  engi- 
neering school,  and  taught  the  calculus  and  the  principles  of  enginiH-ring 
construction  to  students  of  architecture:  Clarence  King,  mining  geologist 
and  engineer,  was  a  writer  of  almost  uncqualed  charm  and  a  judge  of 
works  of  art  of  exceetling  discrimination  and  skill:  a  dozen  t\;ptain«  of 
industry  could  l)e  named  who  have  developed  in  later  life,  as  they  have 
acquired  the  means  with  which  to  gratify  their  tastes,  a  similar  sound 
and  discriminating  critical  taste  in  works  of  art:  Rossiter  Worthington 
Raymond,  with  all  his  grasp  of  engineering  and  science,  amid  his  busy 
life  in  active  practice  and  in  the  office  of  the  Institute,  was  story-writer, 
poet,  musician,  and  was  responsive  to  the  call  of  what  we  idealize  as  Art. 

But  he  had  also  the  saving  grace  of  humor  and  could  see  the  amusing 
side  of  things.  One  characteristic  incident  will  bring  to  a  close  this 
little  tribute. 

In  the  final  decade  of  the  eighteen  hundreds,  there  existed  in  New 
York  a  little  dining-club  of  25  scientific  men  from  the  colleges  and  schools 
of  the  city  and  vicinity  and  from  civil  life.  It  was  called  the  Lunar 
Society,  and  during  the  eight  working  months  of  the  year  had  a  monthly 
dinner  on  the  evening  of  the  full  moon.  The  club  had  been  organized 
by  H.  Carrington  Bolton,  the  chemi.st,  who  had  written  a  life  of  Priestley, 
the  di.scovcrer  of  oxygen,  the  very  interesting  Englishman,  half  theolo- 
gian, half  man  of  science,  whose  later  years  were  pa.s.sed  and  finally 
closed  at  Northumberland,  Pennsylvania.  Toward  the  end  of  the  seven- 
teen hundreds,  Priestley  had  lived  at  Birmingham,  England,  and  along 
with  Boulton  and  Watt,  the  builders  of  the  steam  t-ngines  of  the  day; 
William  Murdoch,  the  inventor  of  gas-Ughting;  Erasmus  Darwin,  the 
grandfather  of  Charles  Darwin;  and  a  few  others  of  less  extended  fame, 
had  formed  the  original  Lunar  Society,  which  perforce  had  dined  at  the 
full-moon  because  otherwise  they  could  not  see  their  several  ways  to  their 
homes.  The  presiding  officer  in  each  of  thest^  clubs,  although  a  century 
apart  in  time  and  three  thousand  miles  apart  in  meeting  places,  was 
called  the  Man-in-thc  M  :  At  the  New  York  club,  after  a  good  dinner 
at  Clarke's  famous  restaurant  on  Twenty-third  strwt,  the  Man-rn-the- 
Moon  called  upon  the  mcmlMTs  in  turn,  beginning  on  his  right,  forsome 
bit  of  interesting  experience  that  had  come  up  in  their  scientific  work  or 
reading  since  the  last  dinner.  Discus.«ion  usually  ensued  of  an  exception- 
ally stimulating  character,  and  seldom  was  a  topic  mentioned  without 
developing  some  vnt  at  the  table  who  could  speak  upon  it  with  authority. 

To  one  of  the  dinners  I  took  down  a  copy  of  that  rather  rare  book, 
the.  first  edition  of  Thomas  Macfarlane's 'Coal  Regions  of  North  America', 


.V2  IIIodHliniK  \l.  HKKIrifK.s 

piililislicd  ill  IS73.  The  In-t  •  liHpiii  iM'fnri'  ihf  apiM-ii.lix  is  iJcvoted  to 
Novji  Sroti.M.  Tlif  author  ii  i  uis  luit  to  havi'  viMitod  Nova  Sfotiu  hiiii- 
wlf,  but  from  tlw  wntink;->  iiu:  reports  of  others  he  hud  Kiiiiicd  ii  most 
iitifortiitiate  iiiiprcsHinh  >f  lli<  4<iul  st-iuiis.  Tlis  i-toHJUK  paruKraph  ri'uds 
an  follows: 

"To  one  who  taki'>  mily  a  uiiliiarian  view  of  f  la-  Nova  Sciitia  rcnion, 
there  must  occur  a  fiH-liiiK  of  regret  that  in  some  of  its  lo(aliti«'S  its  fM'uiiK 
of  roal  are  so  unfortuiiutoiy  suljdividi'd  into  thin  sheetx  too  small  to  work, 
and  in  other  places  disposed  in  ma--ies  inconvenieiitiy  large,  uncertain 
and  irregular  in  form.  D  r  r,  wt  i:ike  a  higher  and  more  thoughtfi:^ 
view  of  the  sul)j«'ct,  we  will  iK^rv'  the  malevoleiire  of  that  Providence 
which,  in  its  apjmrent  angi  r,  inn  .sut merged  iK-neath  the  ocean  so  niuch 
that  might  have  lM>nefited  ir  lace,  oi  caused  it  to  Im'  eaten  away  ttu  nigh 
countless  ages  by  the  action  n!'  ifu  wiives,  leaving  <.nly  poor  fragments  to 
tell  us  of  the  much  largei  f.ur  ""r-:  ttiat  'lave  'n'en  removed.  Her  (■(  «=• 
cannot  doubt  but  that  the  imi  !i  in  i;  "ocks,  ii.s  well  as  its  soil,  was  "urs*'!! 
for  our  sake,  and  that  far  bii'K  in  the  geological  ages  there  was  built  up 
by  a  Being,  who  saw  the  end  from  !h<  ix>l'  ininj.'  a  mutilated  plaiut  as  a 
lit  habitation  for  a  fallen  race."' 

The  members  of  the  Lunar  Society  were  greatly  entertained  li\  the 
paragraph,  and  Dr.  Hayinund,  who  was  a  uember  of  the  socieiy.  bor- 
rowed the  book  and  took  it  home  with  him  The  vievv>  advanced  were 
naturally  esp<'cially  interesting  to  a  metnln'r  of  Henry  Ward  He<'cher's 
church.  .V  week  or  two  afterward  there  appeared  in  the  Kngineenng 
and  Mining  Journal'  one  <>t  the  Doctor's  inimitable  sign-  i  <  ijiiorials,  in 
which  he  merrily  commented  on  the  pa.ssage,  md  showid  how  naturally 
a  supporter  of  one  type  of  orthodoxy  in  Peiiiisy'vania  could  understand 
how  the  Blue  Noses  of  Nova  Scotia,  supporter:-  of  another  type,  hail 
come  under  the  wrath  of  the  Deity,  lie  finally  made  t!.  i>oint  that  the 
argument  had  not  been  carried  to  its  legitimate  conclusion,  l)e<au.«'e  the 
author  had  apparer  tly  overlooked  the  fact  that  in  Ni  w  York  State. 
where  there  was  much  abominable  heresy,  there  niun  no  coal  at  all! 

'  The  pii!i>Kra|)h  was  edited  out  of  ttio  two  suIwimiuciU  nlilions  of  this  pxtremeiy 
valuable  aiul  jiii[M)rtant  trciitisp. 


l'>.  -WT 


Ht'ininisfemvs 


Hv  ■'"   A.  Mk'Kaiik 

Karly  in  ixMi  on  my  x-.ay  Ironi  New  Zi-altuicl  t"  im  w  »iith«'r  I 
had  Inrii  callii  iiv  iiiy  fatht-r  to  t:(ke  cha'no  of  u  Ki<»up  ol  niirM'H  mar 
Alli'iiioiil  in  till  >U'p«rtni<  itoHht'  Is«'n',  I  r  l<>d  at  thf  office  of  the  Anicri- 
«-un  IiiMtituto  <>i  \fifiiiiK  EiitUM'crs,  whu  /h(  'i  \^  -  {i<  nirik'd  at  13 
HurlinK  i^lip.  Ix'lor  Wall  -trw-t  Mv  nurnose  in  calliiiK  w..  Ic  make  the 
aif- laintu   n  of  -ccrotiin.,  l>r.  h    . «»,   id,  with  whom  I  ha<l  U'cn  in 

citrrt-poii'    ricp,  whii.   in  Au    -al       b 


of  xh 

ion 

i  of  1 


f»>»^<)n  of  my  fii-^t  confn 

AlorRan  mim-  prcser* 

On  be -iR  ushered  u, 

two  Kontleiii' 

anwe  togrc*  i 

"Which  one 


vv  foil 

.Ik 
kIb,  a^ 
Australia?" 


iiition  to 

I  at  the 

•><  into 

I  con- 

lu-nioHt 

ire  you: 


knew  what  he  meant; 


Rickards  I  was;  for  at  tliat  time  our 

answered 

(luce  you 

la-sesof 

Kaoiin?" 

Ml  the 

with 

not 

hi^ 


repres»'ntatives  in   thi    Institute.     ' 
whereupon  he  said:  ''  Then  let  nie  inti 
1.    .c  just  been  discussing  t lie  origin  of  th' 
i«   ri  Hill  lode.     What  is  the  .source  ■ 
product  of  deeoiiiposition  from  thi 
neiss".     Thus  I  iiiad«'  my  first  atqu. 
Ish'     I  am  proud  to  have  won  later,  li  , 
ill  inti     itely  until  five  or  six  years  subsequ 


the  Transacfions,  a  piifjer  i 
Clevelaiid  i.    eting  in  Iun< 
.1  cheerful  i     >m  overl.   iki 
versatioji.     Mrwof  them,  . 
l>olit<  !'•     ilHl.       1   th< 
(    lora*iti    I 'a!  tornia 
li     *'ishetl  '       ;iiow 
f;.!nily  h;        it     r  ,,r 
promptly       Ai^^tr 
to  Mr.  Kiuaioi 
kaolin  m  the  Bro. 
I  rep    ><|;      It  is 
vviUl-       k,  whn  '> 
t  vo  nun  w     - 
begin  to  kn 
first  nieetiiii- 

''>t»ra  Frj»n*  i  .sent  t'  Dr.  Raymond,  for  the  Transactions,  my  (on- 
tribuliong  on  'J  a  (Jardette:  The  History  of  a  French  (Jold  Mine'  and 
'The  In-ndigo  '  oldfield ',  the  latter  the  first  of  three  papers  on  the  famous 
•?ld  i»i  ing  district  in  Victoria,  Austraha.  These  were  presented  at  the 
eefings  in  Octolx^r  1891  and  Febru;  r,-  1892,  respectively.  Within 
tiiree  yea-  -18!  to  1894—1  contributed  lune  papers  to  the  Transactions. 
This  lit!  act  ivify  was  due  in  no  small  measure  to  the  encouragement 
Jfiven  by  lary,  in  whom  I  found  not  only  an  editor  of  extraordi- 

nary abilit.        r  a  friend  rich  in  stimulating  helpfulne.^fs. 

My  8(!cond  (all  at  his  office  wa,s  in  January  1892,  about  nine  months 
after  the  first  visit.  I  had  come  fiom  France  to  New  York  to  serve  as 
assistant  to  the  late  George  Cowland,  who  was  acting  as  consulting  engi- 
neer to  H.  H.  Warner,  of  'Safe  Cure'  fanie,  a  promoter  of  engaging  per- 
sonality and,  as  I  found  later,  of  fluid  integrity.     At  our  second  meeting 

53 


54 


BIOGRAPHICAL  ('KKTCHKS 


Dr.  Raymond  montioncd  that  Emmons  had  made  tho  criticism  that  I  was 
not  sufficirntly  careful  in  orienting  my  geological  drawings.  The  Doc- 
tor bul)Wed  over  with  cheery  Humor  and  pertinent  information.  I  made 
the  most  of  my  privilege  to  discuss  his  editing  of  njy  contributions  and  to 
gain  from  him  suggestions  helpful  in  my  next  writing. 

In  the  summer  of  1892,  while  at  Prescott,  Arizona,  I  received  a  letter 
from  Dr.  Raymond  stating  that  a  Mr.  Dunn  had  written  to  him  from 
Australia  charging  me  with  plagiarizing  his  Idea.son  the  structural  geology 
of  Bendigo;  in  short,  Mr.  Dunn  claimed  that  my  explanation  of  the  lode- 
structure  had  bwn  taken  from  him,  without  acknowledgment.  When  I 
read  the  first  part  of  Dr.  Raymond's  letter  I  was  dismayed,  &s  might  well 
be  supposed,  for  this  was  a  bolt  from  the  blue.  On  reading  further  I 
found  compensation;  for  the  Doctor  proceeded  to  say  that  I  must  not 
worry,  tlie  charge  was  refuted  by  the  internal  evidence  of  the  text,  the 
character  of  which  afTord(>d  strong  disproof  of  any  such  accusation.  He 
enclosed  a  copy  of  his  reply  to  Mr.  Dunn,  defending  me  even  before  he 
had  received  my  denial.  It  was  a  striking  proof  of  his  confidence  in  my 
scientific  sincerity,  and  it  is  worthy  of  record  as  testimony  to  the  generosity 
of  his  mind.  I  wrote  at  once  to  disabuse  him  of  the  idea  that  Mr.  Dunn 
was  a  man  of  no  con.sequence,  explaining  that  E.  J.  Dunn  was  a  veteran 
geologist  and  a  high  scientific  authority.  At  the  same  time  I  wrote  to 
Mr.  Dunn  mj-self  and  told  him  that  if  he  would  withdraw  his  imputation 
I  »vould  explain  how  he  had  been  misled  and  I  would  meet  his  criticism  in 
a  friendly  way.  Among  the  'Errata'  at  the  end  of  Volume  XX  of  the 
Transactions  will  be  found  a  note,  by  the  secretary,  dealing  with  this 
incident.  I  need  not  go  into  it  further,  except  to  add  that  four  years  later 
Mr.  Duim  cabled  to  me  from  New  Zealand,  offering  me  an  appointment 
ius  engineer  to  an  important  mining  enterprise,  and,  when  declining  it, 
I  was  able  to  express  my  hearty  appreciation  of  his  good-will. 

At  the  Chicago  Exposition  mw^ting  in  1893  I  had  my  first  opportunity 
of  watching  Dr.  Raymond  in  action,  of  observing  how  he  managed  the 
sessions  and  guided  the  discussions.  His  speech  at  the  closing  session 
of  the  International  Science  Congress,  a  foregathering  of  scientific  men 
attracted  by  the  Exposition,  was  in  his  best  vein.  The  preceding  speeches 
had  ))een  rather  dull  and  several  of  the  representatives  of  foreign  coun- 
tries had  matle  the  mistake  of  sp«'aking  had  English  instead  of  good  French 
or  (lerman.  Hence  it  w;is  a  relief  to  listen  to  an  accomplished  .speaker 
like  Dr.  Raymond.  He  arrested  the  attention  of  the  audience  at  the 
start  by  saying,  not  'Gentlemen',  but  'Brethren';  and  then,  explaining 
that  he  had  'oeen  called  upon  to  respond  for  both  mining  and  metallurgy, 
he  likened  himself  to  the  camels  conspicuous  in  the  Exposition  grounds, 
l)ecause  he  harl  to  "hump  himself  two  ways",  and  .so  gave  a  humorous 
touch  that  put  everybody  at  ea.se.  Reviewing  the  proceedings  and  sum- 
marizing the  results  of  the  international  gathering,  he  placed  his  finger 


T.  A.  RICKARD 


55 


on  the  significant  fouturt'  of  the  conference,  telling  his  audience  that 
while  they  had  brought  forward  new  ideas  and  uncovered  new  principles, 
they  had  done  even  bettor,  for  they  had  "discovered  one  another". 

In  1895  I  was  established  as  consulting  engineer  at  Denver.  Busi- 
ness was  dull,  so  I  was  delighted  to  receive  a  letter  from  Dr.  Raymond 
asking  me  to  Ik;  his  assistant  in  an  examination  of  the  Drumlummon 
mine,  owned  by  the  Montana  Mining  Company,  an  English  corporation. 
He  .offered  me  a  fee  larger  than  I  would  have  asked  as  a  principal,  and 
I  mention  the  fact  to  illustrate  another  phase  of  his  generosity.  It  was 
agreed  that  he  should  pick  me  up  at  Denver.  When  he  arrived  I  ar- 
ranged a  luncheon  in  his  honor  at  the  Denver  Club.  The  party  included 
Thomas  B.  Stearns,  Henry  T.  Rogers,  Dean  Hart,  Dr.  W.  A.  Jayne, 
Richard  Pearce,  and  my  brother  Forbes.  I  knew  that  Mr.  Pearce,  who 
is  now  82  and  living  near  Liverpool,  had  had  a  falling  out  with  the  Doctor. 
The  incident  was  characteristic.  When  Mr.  Pearce  was  president  of 
the  Institute  in  1889,  he  was  presiding  at  a  meeting,  at  Denver,  to  which 
the  secretary  was  late  in  coming.  The  president  waited  for  the  secre- 
tary; he  delayed  the  opening  of  the  proceedings  for  ten  minutes  or  more, 
expecting  the  Doctor  to  arrive  at  any  moment,  until  it  seemed  proper  to 
wait  no  longer.  So  the  session  was  started  with  the  reading  of  a  paper, 
and  this  was  hai  '</  begun  when  the  Doctor  walked  into  the  room 
carrying  his  dossier  of  papers  and  looking  black  as  a  thunder-cloud  be- 
cause the  president  had  dared  tu  begin  the  meeting  without  him.  Un- 
fortunately, the  two  distinguished  gentlemen  did  not  come  to  a  friendly 
explanation  on  the  spot,  and  a  coolness  ensued.  Mr.  Pearce  had  told  me 
the  story,  with  regret.  It  is  more  than  likely  that  the  Doctor  had  for- 
fotten  all  about  it,  but  Mr.  Pearce,  a  gentle  man,  felt  uneasy  lest  the 
feeling  of  annoyance  might  have  survived  even  after  many  years.  When 
our  luncheon  was  coming  to  a  close  I  decided  to  propose  the  health  of 
our  honored  guest,  desiring  to  bring  him  to  his  feet  and  being  confident 
that  he  would  make  a  delightful  speech.  As  I  was  about  to  rise,  Mr. 
Pearce,  who  sat  on  my  left,  said, "  Mr.  Rickard,  will  you  allow  me?"  I  said, 
"With  pleasure".  He  rose  and  proposed  Dr.  Raymond's  health  in  a 
charming  little  speech,  conveying  a  friendly  greeting,  to  which  the  Doctor 
rt>sponded  in  a  similar  spirit.  He  made  a  speech  worthy  of  a  bigger  oc- 
casion, reviewing  his  early  experience  in  Colorado  and  his  CMitact  with 
men  prominent  in  the  development  of  the  local  mining  industry.  Cordial 
relations  were  restored  between  the  secretary  and  the  ex-president,  al- 
though none  of  the  other  guests  understood  the  significance  of  their 
fraternization. 

Next  day  the  Doctor  and  I  took  train  for  Butte,  going  thence  to 
Marj'sville.  Dtiring  the  journey  we  played  chess;  for  he  usually  carried 
a  set  of  chess-men;  at  other  times  he  studied  chess  problems  or  re^d  fiction. 
He  was  fond  of  Anna  Katherine  (ireon  and  Gaboriau  detective  stories 


50 


HKXUIAI'HICAI,  KKfcl  CHKS 


and  othor  light  literature,  because  they  afforded  him  mental  relaxation. 
He  talked  a  good  deal  and  always  interestingly,  having  an  extraordinary 
fund  of  diversified  knowledge.  Among  other  matters  I  touched  upon  the 
early  days  of  Leadville  and  the  Chrysolite  deal.  The  older  men  in  the  pro- 
fession will  recall  the  fact  that  the  Doctor  was  mixed  up  in  a  mining 
scandal  arising  out  of  an  over-valuation  of  the  Chrysolite  mine,  nearly 
forty  years  ago.  When  I  first  went  to  Colorado,  in  1885,  that  affair 
was  quoted  as  a  blow  to  the  profession  bt-cause  it  had  hurt  the  reputation 
of  an  engineer  so  distinguished  as  Dr.  Raymond.  The  Chrysolite  wa.s 
a  rich  silver  mine  and  was  the  cause  of  much  stock  speculation  on  the 
New  York  mining  market.  An  engineer  whose  name  I  forbear  to  men- 
tion'— let  us  call  him  Blank — was  the  manager.  He  had  been  a  junior 
when  Raymond  was  a  senior  at  Freiberg,  and  the  Doctor  had  been  a 
good  friend  to  him  at  the  Mining  Academy  and  afterward  when  Blank 
started  his  career  in  the  West.  The  Doctor  was  engaged  to  examine  and 
report  upon  the  Chrysolite.  He  went  to  Leadville.  As  he  trusted 
Blank,  he  accepted  his  statements  about  the  quantity  of  ore  in  reserve, 
and  did  not  sample  the  mine  thoroughly.  One  large  block  of  ground 
appeared  to  be  solid  ore  and  its  appearance  was  confirmed  by  the  man- 
ager's statements;  so  the  Doctor  made  a  highly  favorable  report,  which 
caused  quotations  to  rise  in  New  York.  The  luct  was  that  the  block  of 
supposed  ore  contained  a  large  core  of  limestone,  as  was  known  to  the 
management  through  a  cross-cut,  the  position  of  which  had  been  hidden. 
When  later  the  truth  became  known  there  was  a  slump  in  the  shares  and 
Dr.  Raymond  had  to  submit  to  severe  criticism.  Much  to  my  surprise, 
when  I  touched  upon  the  subject  during  our  journey  to  Montana,  he 
said  nothing  against  Blank.  Apparently  he  cherished  none  of  the  re^ 
sentment  that  would  have  seemed  natural  under  the  circumstance 
Some  years  afterward,  in  1902,  he  was  approached  by  a  famous  mini 
engineer,  then  engaged  in  the  promotion  of  mining  schemes,  with  a 
view  t  -^  his  writing  reports,  on  the  understanding  that  the  sampling  should 
be  uojK!  by  younge  •  men.  He  asked  me,  at  Philadelphia,  what  I  thought 
abyut  it,  and  I  urged  him  not  to  con.sider  the  proposal  for  a  moment. 
"Remember  the  Chrysolite",  I  ventured  to  remark.  The  truth  is  that 
in  business  matters  he  was  too  trusting  and  too  generous  to  succee<l, 
especiallj'  when  dealing  with  persons  unhampered  by  scruples  of  con- 
science or  a  Hens<<  of  honor. 

On  arrival  at  Marysville  we  were  the  guests  of  R.  T  Bayliss,  the  gen- 
eral manager  for  the  Montana  Mining  (^o.,  Lt«l.  ('harles  W.  (Joodale, 
consulting  engineer  to  the  company,  was  there  also.  The  graci«>us  hos- 
pitality of  Mrs.  Bayliss  and  the  company  of  such  men  :  Bayliss,  Cood- 
ale,  .ind  the  Doctor  made  the  dinner  at  the  end  of  the  day's  work  a 

'  (  Hill  pn>iiiptc(l  to  tliis  rL'tifeiiW!  Im.-vuujm:  1  fi-cl  sure  tliul  Dr.  Uayiiioud  wuuld  Imvn 
wuthed  it. 


T.  A.  RICKAKn 


57 


(leliKhfful  sfM'ial  function.  As  th«'  Do(!tor's  assistant  I  did  most  of  tlie 
physical  examination  of  the  mine,  and  when,  ut  thp  ond  of  a  week,  the 
inspection  was  coniplet<*d,  we  coUah  .rated  on  the  report.  Our  duty  was 
to  make  suRKcstions  for  th(>  further  exploration  of  the  mine,  which  was 
showing  signs  of  impoverisiiment,  hasing  our  advice  on  geologic  evidence, 
particularly  of  a  structural  character.  If  I  recall  correctly,  we  made  five 
recommendations,  three  of  which  the  Doctor  was  kind  enough  to  accept 
from  me.  When  the  report  was  finished,  he  insisted  upon  my  signing  it 
with  !iim,  so  that  it  became  our  joint  report.  Again  he  proved  his  gen- 
erosity, for  it  was  a  great  honor  to  me  to  have  my  name  coupled  with  his 
in  a  report  that  was  to  go  Iwfore  an  important  financial  group  in  London. 
Our  stay  at  Marj'sville  was  made  memorable  by  his  vivacious  conver- 
sation. The  evenings  were  spent  delightfully.  He  proved  himself  adept 
in  whist,  aa  well  as  a  remarkably  good  chess-player.  Indeed,  in  chess  he 
achieved  distinction;  for  example,  he  was  selected  as  one  of  five  to  play 
against  Pillsbury  in  a  contest  at  Brooklyn;  he  once  drew  a  hard-fought 
giime  with  Steinitz;  and  in  1908,  when  a  passenger  to  Europe  on  the 
'Oceanic',  he  led  a  group  of  players  who  accepted  a  challenge  for  a  match 
by  wireless  telegraphy  from  a  fsimilar  group  of  passengers  on  the  'Cam- 
pania'.    The  team  he  captained  won,  thanks  to  his  leadership. 

In  1900  Richard  P.  Rothwell  asked  me  to  join  him  in  the  editorship 
of  the  'Engineering  and  Mining  Journal",  but  when  I  discussed  the  matter 
with  Dr.  Raymond  he  advised  me  against  the  step.  When  later,  at  the 
end  o.'  1902,  I  went  to  New  York  to  take  up  the  editorship  of  the  'Jour- 
nal, which  had  passed,  on  the  decease  of  Rothwell,  into  the  hands  of 
James  H.  McGraw  and  then  into  those  of  the  late  W.  J.  Johnston,  I 
received  a  cordial  welcome  from  the  Doctor.  Just  at  this  time,  unfor- 
tunately, he  had  to  take  a  holiday  in  Europe,  to  correct  the  bad  jflFects  of 
over-work,,  so  I  missed  his  guidance  when  I  first  took  the  helm  of  the 
'Journal'.  During  the  three  or  four  months  while  he  was  absent  I 
edited  many  of  the  papers  that  appeared  in  the  Transactions  and  on  his 
return  I  accepted  payment  in  the  agreeable  form  of  a  number  of  back 
volumes  of  the  Transactions,  so  as  to  complete  my  set.  He  was  still  a 
'special  contributor'  to  the  'Journal'  and  enriched  its  columns  with  an 
occasional  letter  or  signed  article.  In  1903  he  became  interested  in  a 
controversy  over  the  New  York  State  College  of  Forestry  at  Cornell, 
and  took  up  the  cudgels  in  behalf  of  his  friend  Bernhard  E.  Fernow,  who 
waF  .  iirectw  of  the  College  and  is  now  Dean  of  the  similar  college  in 
the  'rrl'.  rsity  of  Toronto.  The  Governor  of  New  York  had  vetoed 
furth  jtate  aid  to  the  College  of  Forestry  and  it  was  claimed  by  Pro- 
fessor Fernow's  friends  that  he  had  been  influenced  by  a  group  of  bankers, 
who  objected  to  the  logging  operations  near  Saranac  lake  because  they 
interfered  with  their  shooting.  Dr.  Raymond  sent  me  a  letter  on  the 
subject,  for  publication,  with  the  statement  that  it  would  be  followed  by 


III 


58 


Binr.RAPHICAL  SKRTCHE)^ 


six  more.  It  weeiued  to  me  to  b<*  uiiMuitable  for  publication  in  the  'Jour- 
nal', and,  upon  ronsultinn  the  late  Frederick  Hobart,  of  Brooklyn,  who 
had  been  a  fairhfiil  assistant  to  Rothwell,  as  afterward  to  me  and  to  W. 
U.  Ingalls  in  turn,  I  learned  that  the  controversy  was  of  a  locally  po- 
litical chai alter,  n-ndering  it  undesirable  in  our  columns.  It  had  nothing 
to  do  with  mining,  even  indirectly.  After  consultation  with  Hobart, 
I  wrote  to  vhe  Doctor  stating  that  I  could  not  see  my  way  to  publishing 
hi.,  series  of  letters  on  the  subject.'  My  declination  was  couched,  of 
course,  in  terms  most  friendly  and  respectful,  but  ho  was  so  annoyed  that 
it  was  a  long  time  l)ofore  he  would  write  again  for  the  'Journal'.  He 
did  not  like  criticism  or  opposition — nor  do  any  of  us.  for  that  matter. 
I  remember  his  asking  me  if  I  had  seen  a  certain  artiile  tjf  his  in 
'Cassier's  Magazine'.  I  replied, "  Yes,  I  enjoyed  it  very  much".  Where- 
upon he  exclaimed,  "  You  fould  have  had  it,  if  you  had  not  turned  down 
those  forestry  articles  of  mine".  I  told  this  story  one  day  to  a  mutual 
friend,  who  was  quick  to  ask  how  I  would  like  to  nave  an  article  of  mine 
'turned  down'.  Then  I  remembered  how,  in  1904,  I  went  to  Dr.  Ray- 
mond, as  secretary  of  the  Instituf",  to  offer  a  paper  discussing  the  recom- 
mendations of  a  committee  of  the  four  engineering  societies  on  standardi- 
zation of  abbreviations,  symbols,  punctuation,  etc.,  in  technical  papers. 
These  recommendations  had  been  printed  and  circulated  with  the  current 
pamphlets  of  the  Institute.*  He  demurred  to  publishing  my  criticisms, 
because  he  thought  it  inadvisable  to  start  a  discussion  on  the  subject, 
the  Institute — or  he  as  secretary-editor — having  no  desire  to  impose  its 
style  on  anybody.  I  accepted  his  decision  cheerfully  and  later  the 
rejected  paper  becume  the  groundwork  of  my  little  book  on  technical 
writing,  published  in  1908. 

During  the  three  years  of  my  editors,  p  in  New  York  I  wa.s  on  the 
council  of  the  Institute  for  a  time  and  also  a  member  of  the  first  board  of 
directors  when  the  Institute  was  incorporated  in  1905.  The  council, 
including  the  president,  vice-presidents,  managers,  treasurer,  and  secre- 
tary, numbered  18,  but  the  average  attendance  at  the  meetings  was  only 
five  or  six.  Those  not  present  would  be  informed  by  the  secretary  of  the 
decisions  reached  in  council  and  would  send  their  approval  by  postcard. 
Dr.  Raymond  'ran  the  show'.  If  any  of  us  disagreed  with  his  plans,  he 
overwhelmed  us  with  reasons  in  support.  We  recognized  the  futility  of 
opposition,  and,  it  is  fair  to  add,  we  appreciated  his  thorough  grasp  of 
the  position.  As  my  office  was  not  far  away,  I  was  a  steady  attendant 
at  the  meetings,  and  I  found  them  interesting,  simply  because  Dr.  Ray- 
mond never  was  anything  else. 

'  In  a  recent  letter  to  me  Pnifefcmir  Fernow  !«»>•»  that  he  is  a]ai{  1  did  not  publish 
the  letters,  "for  it  would  have  been  of  no  use  and  would  simply  have  made  ba<l  blood 
for  him". 

»  They  will  be  found  in  Vol.  XXXV,  pp.  .342-340. 


T.  A.  RICKARD 


59 


At  one  of  the  last  ineetinKs  that  I  attended,  in  the  spiinR  of  1905,  the 
question  of  placing  advertisements  in  the  Institute  bulletin  was  broached. 
I  objected  to  the  proposal,  whereupon  tlic  late  (JeorKe  W.  Maynard, 
half  in  fun,  suRRested  that  my  interest   in  another  publication — the 
'Journal' — was  at  the  bottom  of  the  protest.     The  Doctor  interjected  a 
friendly  correction,  saying  that  there  was  no  doubt  of  my  loyalty  to  the 
Institute  and  no  reason  for  impugning  the  sincerity  of  my  motives. 
Nothing  was  decided  at  that  meeting.     Before  the  next  one  was  called 
I  went  on  a  short  visit  to  London  and,  being  a  member  of  the  council  of 
the  Institution  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy,  I  attended  a  meeting  at  which, 
it  so  happened,  this  very  subject  of  advertising  was  brought  forward. 
The  council  of  the  Institution  decided  that  it  would  be  'bad  form'  to  sell 
the  pages  of  its  bulletin  to  advertisers,  .so  the  proposal  was  tabled  prompt- 
ly.*    On  my  return  to  New  York  we  had  a  ;neeting  of  the  Institute 
council  at  which  the  subject  was  again  brought  forward  by  the  secretary. 
I  objected  again,  and  was  supported  by  the  late  A.  A.  Blow.     (Again 
the  prefix  'late'!     It  is  saddening  to  realize  how  many  of  these  old 
friends  have  crossed  the  range.)     I  suggested  that  the  step  was  too 
serious  to  be  taken  by  the  small  proportion  of  the  council  there  present 
and  that  a  fuller  attendance  was  desirable  before  committing  the  Insti- 
tute to  such  a  radical  departure.     Dr.  Raymond  concurred.     Soon  after- 
ward I  left  New  York.     In  December  of  the  same  year,  there  came  to  me, 
in  San  Francisco,  a  circular  stating  that  by  "unanimous  agreement"  of 
the  council,  it  had  been  decided  to  insert  advertisements  in  the  bulletins. 
I  wrote  to  the  Doctor,  protesting  that  the  decision  could  not  have  been 
"unanimous",  because  I  was  opposed  to  it,  and  Blow  also.     He  repUed 
that  soon  after  I  had  left  New  York  he  had  called  a  special  meeting  of  the 
council,  there  had  Iwen  a  large  attendance,  he  had  explained  at  length  the 
reasons  for  accepting  advertisements,  and  he  had  done  this  so  convinc- 
ingly that  everybody  present  had  acquiesced,  and  if  I  had  been  there  I 
also  would  have  acquiesced!     I  appreciated  tho  humor  of  the  position 
and  accepted  it  without  further  demur.     This  expression  of  confidence 
in  his  ability  to  persuade  me  if  I  had  been  present  was  characteristic — 
and  the  chances  are  that  he  would  have  persuaded  me,  by  the  eloquence  of 
his  argument,  against  my  better  judgment.     He  had  a  way  with  him! 

I  recall  a  delightful  day— a  Sunday,  in  April  1902— spent  at  the 
Doctor's  home  at  123  Henry  .street,  Brooklyn.     Robert  M.  Raymond' 

'  The  council  of  the  Institution  has  chHnKe<i  its  mind  since  then.  In  April  1919 
it  "decided  to  luld  iin  advert i.>(enient  section  to  the  Bulletin"  in  order  to  increase  its 
n-veniie.  This  departure  was  "undertaken  with  reluctance"  hut  was  considere<l  to 
he  "justified  by  the  altered  conditions  brounht  about  by  the  War". 

-  Who  is  thstantly  related  Ut  ihe  Doctors  family.  .\t  the  time  of  the  Revolution 
their  ancestors  were  cousins;  but  Robert  Raymond's  ancestor  remained  loyal  to 
King  GeorRC  and  moved  into  Canada,  while  the  Doctor's  ancestor  supported  (Jeorne 
Washington.  So  Pn)feHsor  Raymond  was  bom  a  Canadian  and  became  an  American 
by  self-deterniinution. 


II 


m 


HionRAnirif  al  sketcuks 


(now  I'lofessor  of  MininK  in  Colunilmi  UnivcrHity)  and  I  crossed  the 
KiLst  Hiv<>r  in  f  inu'  to  iit  ti-nd  the  services  at  Plymouth  Church,  in  company 
with  the  Doctor,  Mrs.  Riiyniond,  aiul  Miss  Susan  Raymond.  We 
heard  \\u'  Rev.  Newell  DwikIiI  Hillis  deliver  a  powerful  .sermon.  After 
the  mid-day  dinner  we  went  to  the  Sunday-school,  which  was  directed  by 
Dr.  Raymond.  He  had  heen  suiwrintendent  of  it  for  25  years  and  had 
resinned  s<>veral  years  before,  but  the  death  of  his  successor  had  caused 
him  to  resume  the  duties  of  the  position.  He  also  conducted  a  bible- 
class,  which  Robert  Raymond  and  I  joined.  It  was  immensely  interest- 
ing. Th<«  Doctor's  8ul)ject  was  the  life  of  St.  Paul.  He  began  where  he 
had  left  off  the  Sunday  before,  as  if  the  break  had  been  a  minute,  instead 
of  a  week,  and  poured  forth  a  wonderful  story,  characterized  by  humor, 
erudition,  and  religious  sentiment.  When  five  o'clock  arrived,  the 
ringing  of  a  bell  call(>d  a  halt,  the  bible-classes  stopned,  and  the  Doctor 
left  us  promptly  to  ascend  the  rostrum  and  conduct  the  closing  service. 
The  hist  hymn  sung  that  afternoon  was  one  that  he  had  composed. 
Then  we  returned  to  the  house  and  later  accompanied  the  Doctor  to  the 
house  of  his  aunt,  a  distinguished  old  lady,  Mrs.  Howard,  where  it  was  the 
custom  for  the  Raymond  kin  to  foregather  at  a  prayer-meeting  every 
Sunday.  Then  followed  the  informal  evening  meal,  or  'supper',  after 
which,  I  remember,  the  Doctor  read  one  of  Kipling's  jungle  stories, 
'Rikki-tikki-tavi',  delightfull> .  More  good  talk  followed  and  finally  he 
sent  us  back  to  the  Brooklyn  Bridge  terminus  in  his  brougham.  The 
incidents  of  the  day  illustrate  his  versatility  and  suggest  how  entertaining 
he  could  be  at  any  time  or  place. 

More  than  once  when  I  asked  the  Doctor  to  give  me  ten  minutes  of 
his  time  he  would  explain  how  busy  he  was  and  then  talk  for  half  or 
three-quarters  of  an  hour.  This  .seemed  inconsistent.  One  day,  meet ing 
his  brother,  Colonel  Charles  W.  Raymond,'  I  asked  him  if  he  had  been 
to  see  the  Doctor.  "No",  he  repUed,  laughing,  "I  don't  care  to  be 
used  as  a  sounding-board".  "How  is  that",  I  asked.  "Well",  he 
replied,  smihng,  "when  I  go  to  see  him  he  says  he  is  awfully  busy  and 
then  keeps  me  for  half  an  hour  talking  about  some  old  subject  in  which  he 
happens  to  be  interested,  and  which  does  not  interest  me".  I  laughed 
with  him,  and  recognized  how  I  also  had  been  ^asantly  hoaxed  many 
rimes.  When  I  would  telephone  to  him  asking  for  a  few  minutes  for 
consultation,  he  would  reply  that  h^-  was  terribly  busy  but  could  give  me 
five  minutes  if  I  came  ngiit  away.  Upon  my  arrival  at  hi>>  ()ffic«>  we 
would  consume  three  minutes  in  settling  the  matter  in  hand  and  then  I 

S<K)n  after  the  dute  of  thi.s  incident,  in  1904  he  retired  with  the  rank  of  UriKii- 
dier-Oenera!  A-^  rhftirmtir.  ,*f  ;!:•:•  liuard  <;f  EiiRinrrns  .Tr;itr(!  r.y  thr  iVnnsyivi.iim 
Railroad  Company,  he  siiiwrvised  the  design  and  .•on.stniPtion  oif  the  tunnels  under 
the  Hudson,  the  Eiwt  River,  and  the  honrejjth  of  Manliattan,  as  well  as  the  Rreat 
Pennsylvania  Terininnl  in  New  ^■(lrk, 


g<B'^T_2fliE»3fliL^X  "t**ir 


T.    A.    RICKAHI) 


61 


would  find  myw'lf  tuking  a  minor  part  in  a  convcrHution  that  would  last 
for  half  an  hour  before  I  would  remind  myself  of  my  duties  elsewhere. 
He  was  simply  thinking  out  loud  on  the  subject  that  happened  to  be  in  his 
mind  and  on  which  he  had  l)een  writing  when  I  arrived.  He  had  used 
me  as  "a  soundinR-board",  as  the  Colonel  said.  That  simply  meant 
that  he  would  l)e  so  full  of  his  subject  as  to  bubble  over  with  it,  if  inter- 
rupted in  his  work  by  a  cail.  This  is  an  excellent  scheme  for  preventing 
waste  of  time  when  a  visitor  arrives;  in  most  instances  the  visitor  fails 
to  detect  the  expedient  and  goes  away  under  the  impression  that 
had  a  good  talk!     As  I  write  it,  I  can  imagine  the  Doctor  giving  h;  * 

chuckle. 

May  I  revert  to  my  recollections  of  Dr.  Raymond  as  editor  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  Institute?     What  he  did  for  me  he  did  for  others; 
therefore,  I  venture  to  record  my  own  experience  in  the  matter.     The 
effect  of  his  teaching,  as  conveyed  by  the  editing  c."  .iianuscript  and  the 
explanations  accompanying  such  revision,  was  far-reaching.     The  mining 
profession  stood  much  in  need  of  such  teaching  and  the  engineers  that 
benefited  from  it  will  ever  hold  the  secretary  in  grateful  remembrance. 
He  not  only  revised  our  writings  with  painstaking  care  but  he  did  some- 
thing even  more  helpful:  he  would  write  long  letters,  in  his  easy  flowing 
hand,  six  to  ten  pages,  explaining  why  he  had  made  certain  corrections. 
He  would  give  the  benefit  of  his  own  wide  liiiowledge  and  suggest  addi- 
tions or  amendments  of  a  character  often  vital  to  the  value  of  the  paper. 
My  correspondence  with  him— voluminous  and  much  valued— was  des- 
troyed in  the  San  Francisco  earthquake-fire,  so  I  am  unable  to  quote 
detads  illustrating  his  method,  but  I  do  remember  his  reference  to  "the 
inveterate  Hucnt  profuseness"  of  my  style,  whereupon  I  gave  him  the  tu 
quoque  with  a  smile.     The  only  time  that  we  disagreed  over  his  treatment 
of  my  manuscript  was  when  he  returned  one  of  my  contributions— the 
paper  entitled   Tlie  Cripple  Creek  V^olcano"— without  correction.     The 
gal  ley-proofs  and  the  original  manuscript  arrived  together;  I  was  quick  to 
notice  that  the  latter  \va.s  entirely  free  from  marks  of  revision.     The 
editor  had  failed  to  edit.     I  wrote  a  respectful  letter  protesting  that  I 
expected  the  benefit  of  his  criticism.     He  wrote  back  something  compli- 
mentary alwut  my  not  needing  such  assistance,  whereupon  I  told  him 
that  my  chief  reason  for  sending  my  writings  to  the  Institute  was  to 
obtain  the  help  and  protection  of  his  editing,  and  that  if  I  did  not  receive 
it  I  wouhl  divert  my  contributions  to  technical  magazines,  which  would 
pay  me  for  them.     I  returned  the  manuscript  and  the  galleys,  milking  my 
point,  thanks  to  his  friendly  concurrence. 

He  was  a  mast  eflfective  speaker.  Injcause  he  always  had  something 
to  say  and  knew  how  to  say  it.     His  memory  was  extraordinary.     In 
in04  when  the  Iron  and  Steel  Institute  of  Great  Britain  held  its  annual 
'  In  \'"l.  X.\X.  piiKi-  3(i7,  of  th«'  Triinsactions. 


i 


62 


IIIOGKAI'IIICAL  HKBTCIIKM 


inceting  in  New  York,  ho  was  a«k(>ti  to  Iw  one  of  the  Hpeakers  at  a  banqtiut 
Kiven  at  the  Waldorf-Astoria  hotel.  The  banquet  was  on  a  Wednesday; 
on  the  previous  Monday  he  sent  nie,  as  editor  of  the  'Journal',  the  text  of 
his  8p<'ech,  which  he  had  written  on  the  Saturday  previous.  I  sent  it  to 
the  composing-room  and  had  the  proof  of  it  in  my  pocket  when  present 
at  the  banquet.  If  he  had  l)een  unable  to  deliver  it,  everybody  would 
have  known  that  it  was  written  out  beforehand,  because  it  went  to  the 
printer,  as  part  of  that  week's  issue  (October  27,  1904)  of  the  'Journal',  a 
day  before  it  was  to  be  delivered.  While  he  was  speaking  I  compared 
his  phrasing  with  the  proof  in  my  hand.  It  was  verbatim,  even  to 
interjections  that  seemed  to  be  born  of  the  impulse  of  the  moment.  For 
instance,  he  refecred  to  King  Edward,  and,  apparently  on  the  spur  of 
the  moment,  he  interjected,  "and  may  God  bless  him,  as  God  blessed 
his  sainted  mother",  a  sentiment  that  elicited  instant  applause.  Another 
similar  interpolation  referred  to  producers  and  consumers;  he  exclaimed, 
"  Whom  God  hath  joined  together,  let  no  man  put  asunder"  The  speech 
wiis  most  successful,  of  course;  but  he  made  a  mistake,  and  it  is  one  made 
by  many  less  clever  men.  When  the  speech  as  written  had  been  spoken, 
he  made  a  fresh  start,  adding  the  equivalent  of  twenty  or  thirty  lines. 
'1  he  chairman,  Mr.  Andrew  Carnegie,  rather  discourteously,  I  thought, 
interrupted  him,  so  that  the  effect  of  the  speech  was  marred.  Coming 
out  of  the  dining-room  the  Doctor  said  to  me,  "How  close  was  it  to  the 
text?"  I  replied,  "Perfectly".  He  continued,  "But  I  ought  to  have 
stopp(>d".  "  Yes",  said  1.  In  preparing  the  memorial  address,  I  had 
written  that  his  extempore  speeches  could  not  be  distinguished  from  those 
that  he  had  "memorized".  His  daughter,  Mrs.  Bellinger,  to  whom  I 
read  my  address  before  delivery,  suggested  that  "memorized"  should  be 
replaced  by  "written",  liecause  when  he  wrote  a  speech  he  did  not  have 
to  memorize  it  consciously:  the  act  of  writing  it  served  to  memorize  it. 
This  retentive  memory  was  a  great  help  to  him  in  public  speaking. 

At  our  Institute  meetings  he  was  usually  .called  upon  to  make  the 
sfK'ech  in  which  the  visitors  thanked  the  residents  for  their  hospitality. 
This  happened  so  often  that  once  he  demurred.  It  was  at  Aspen.  Sev- 
eral of  us  in  turn  had  l^een  requested  by  the  chahnan  of  the  committee 
on  arrangements  to  express  the  thanks  proper  to  the  occasion;  each  in 
turn  suggested  that  the  Doctor  ought  to  do  it,  because  we  knew  he  could 
do  it  best.  When  he  rose  to  respond,  he  began  with  an  apology  for  »» 
apparent  disinclination  to  perform  the  gracious  task.  He  was  asked  U> 
speak  so  often,  he  said,  thit  he  was  reminded  of  the  Civil  War  veteran 
who  had  told  his  little  boy  so  much  about  his  own  performances  in  the 
War  that  the  boy  exclaimed:  "Pop,  couldn't  you  get  anybody  to  help 
you  nut  down  that  rebellion?"  When  he  made  a  witty  or  humorous 
point,  he  would  smile  and  give  a  Utile  chuckle,  joining  in  the  merriment. 
Another  story.     The  Doctor  was  called  "vindictive"  sometimes,   by 


T.  A.  RICKARD 


03 


thotw  whom  he  engaged  successfully  in  controversy.     He  was  a  skilful 
(httlectician,  and  unhappy  was  the  man  whom  he  countered  in  contro- 
versy.    Somebody  asked  Clarence  King  if  Raymond  wa8  not  vindictive 
Kmg  di-murred,  suggesting  that  he  was  only  belligerent.     To  illustrate 
the  distinction  he  told  the  following  story: 

"Not  long  ago  I  was  going  up  the  trail  from  Silverton  to  the  Silver 
Lake  mine  and  I  met  a  long  train  of  mules  carrying  sacks  of  concentrate. 
Each  mule  had  his  tail  tied  to  the  halter  of  the  one  behind  him,  su  that 
he  was  prevented  from  bringing  his  heels  into  action— all  except  the  last; 
a*-  I  came  abreast  of  him  on  the  narrow  trail  and  prepared  to  pass,  I 
thought  I  saw  a  wicked  look  in  his  eye,  so  I  said  to  the  packer  or  mu'le- 
skmner,  'Is  that  mule  vicious?'  'No',  he  replied,  'he  ain't  exactly  vicious 
but  he's  kmd  o'  versatile  with  his  hind  hoofs'.  The  Doctor  was  versatile 
—with  his  pen— undoubtedly,  but  he  was  a  kindly  man,  a  generous  man, 
and  if  he  used  his  pen  so  that  it  touched  more  than  paper  it  was  in  the 
joyousness  of  combat  and  the  exuberance  of  mind— not  to  hurt,  but  to 
make  good  his  argument". 

He  h?fl  the  ability  to  digest  a  mass  of  information  quickly  and  to 
present  it  in  attractive  form.  He  could  master  a  new  subject  with 
wonderful  facility.  This  enabled  him  to  give  public  lectures  on  a  great 
variety  of  topics.  For  instance,  George  W.  Maynard  told  me  how  one 
day  he  asked  Raymond  to  dine  with  him  on  the  following  Thursday. 
"Thursday?"  he  replied,  "No,  I  can't  do  it;  I  have  to  lecture  on  'Storms' 
at  the  Cooper  Union  next  Thursday".  Maynard  said,  laughing,  "  What 
do  you  know  about  storms?"  "Nothing,  but  I'll  know  all  about  them 
by  Thursday".  He  did;  he  went  to  Washington,  discussed  the  subject 
with  the  experts  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  and  returned  in  time  to  deliver 
a  lecture  that  proved  to  his  audience  that  he  knew  all  about  storms  that 
was  worth  knowing.  He  accumulated  knowledge  as  a  kitten  laps  milk. 
He  could  correlate  facts  so  that  they  became  living  knowledge.  He  was 
an  educator. 


1 


Roiiiiniscriicvs 

Hy  AkTHVK  M.    1)W  KIHT 

Thr  Krcaf  'Icbt  that  the  niininn  fiiRiiMHTH  of  Aint'riru  owe  to  Dr. 
Uayiuond  Hha  \kh}i\  widely  nTORnized  and  acknowlodKod.  Hih  untirinn 
literary  activitios  iw  writer  aiul  speaker  in  molding  the  thought,  promot- 
ing the  fnH>  ex<'hangeof  technical  idea**  and  experience,  stimulating  and 
aiding  the  naturally  silent  ones  to  speak  or  publish  their  experience,  have 
Iwrne  rich  fruit  in  the  long  line  of  technical  volumes,  which  show  through- 
out,  the  traces  of  his  unerring  touch;  the  eight  volumes  of  the  'U.  8. 
Mining  Statistics'  (1860-76),  the  early  volumes  of  the  'Engineering  and 
Mining  Journal',  whi<h  he  edited,  and  the  forty  annual  volumes  of  the 
Transactions  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers.  Taken  in 
s<'(iuence,  these  form  an  almost  comjjlete  history  of  the  development 
of  mining  and  metallurgy  in  America  during  the  period  of  his  professional 
life. 

He  often  said  that  he  looked  upon  the  Transactions  as  his  proudest 
and  most  enduring  monument,  but  sometimes  when  he  thought  of  his 
fellow  engineers  who  were  wrestling  with  the  practical  problems  in  the 
field,  and  sensing  the  joy  of  material  accomplishment  and  success,  he  would 
remark  rather  wistfully  that  he  feared  he  hadn't  done  much,  after  all. 
Such  a  feeling  of  temporary  depre-ssion  might  be  expected  occasionally  in  a 
man  who,  to  use  his  own  words,  had  deliberately  chosen  "  to  give  his  life  and 
strength  to  the  vocation  of  an  interpreter,  chronicler,  guide,  and  assistant 
to  engineers,  rather  than  to  that  of  a  creative  and  constructive  leader". 
It  is  to  that  phase  of  his  self-foigetful  professional  sympathy  and  generous 
encouragement  of  his  brother  engineers  that  I  direct  attention.  Mr. 
Rickard  in  his  first  i)rief  conmient  on  Dr.  Raymond's  death  in  the  Janu- 
ary 11,1919,  i.ssue  of  the  'Mining  anu  Scientific  Press',  placed  his  finger  un- 
erringly on  perhaps  the  truest  index  of  Dr.  Raymond's  professional 
achievements,  when  he  said:  "He  influenced  the  men  that  now  influence 
others" 

As  a  lucmlMT  of  his  family,  it  was  my  privilege  to  know  personally 
many  of  his  contemporaries  in  that  brilliant  group  of  pionwr  mining 
engin(H>rs  and  metallurgists  who  set  the  standard  of  the  profession  in 
those  early  days,  and  who  have  now  all  passed  on — Clarence  King,  Arnold 
Hiiguc.  ('.  A.  Stetefeldt,  S.  F.  Enmions,  the  Janin  brothers,  and  others, 
while  later  I  was  thrown  into  intimate  business  relationship  with  more  of 
the  Mine  >?roup,  Anton  Eilei-s,  my  first  master  in  the  practical  art  of 
metallurgy;  and  Otto  H.  Hahn,  his  superintendent  at  Pueblo;  also  Franz 
Folir  ;ind  August  Rahl. 

It    hould  be  remembei   il  thai  up  to  about  1880  most  of  our  mining 

ti4 


AKTHlTt  ».  DWKiHT 


60 


.•iiKiiiwrH  were  irainetJ  in  t».«  »,ininK  Hohooln  of  (Jcriimnv.  mid  m  latv  m 
188.5  whon  I  w..„t  Wp«t  to.ir.  Kilorn' HmrltiiiK  plant  at  piieblu,  ( Jolorado. 
nearly  all  fh.-  active  .ngincHTH  in  Ih.Hi  mininR  and  wncltinR  lineo  were 
graduatoH  »f  KhmIhtk  an.l  ClauHtha.'.  The  American  inininR  whool. 
were  only  jiwt  heRinninK  to  make  their  preHence  felt,  alHu.UKh  their 
Kra<  uufeH  were  M.njn  to  lH<come  more  numerous,  and  finally  to  exert  a 
predominating  influence  on  the  profession. 

This  naturally  made  three  groups  or  generations  of  engineers  that 
prohted  by  Dr.  Raymc.nd's  influence,  and  it  is  well  known  that  many 
careers  were  profoundly  shaped  by  his  ever-ready  counsel  and  sympathetic 

Two  captains  of  industry  under  whom  it  was  my  pleasant  lot  to 
wrve,  Anton  Eilers  ar.d  August  R.  Meyer,  ow(-d  their  favorable  start 
in  professional  work  to  Dr.  Raymond's  int<>rest  and  practical  aid,  and 
years  aft<.rward  gladly  acknowl«.dg..d  their  debt  of  gratitude  Mr 
hilers  iHH-ame  a  clos«.  an.l  life-long  friend;  Mr.  Mever  «,.|dom  saw  him 
agam,  but  he  retained  always  a  lively  sense  of  appreciation,  which  he 
expressed  to  me,  when  I  came  to  know  him  well,  many  years  after 

Two  rather  trivial  incidents  may  be  worth  the  telling,  not  only  as 
chara-tenstic  of  thi.s  helpful  phase  of  Dr.  Raymond's  activities,  but  also 
as  throwing  a  side  light  on  the  early  experienc  es  of  these  two  interesting 
pioneers  m  the  smelting  business,  who  were  widely  known  as  representing 
the  iMJst  types  of  technical  and  business  success. 

While  a  student  at  the  Mining  Academy  at  Freiberg,  Saxony   Mr 
Meyer  had  taken  particular  interest  in  the  newly  developed  Parkes  pro- 
cess for  the  desilverizution  of  argentiferous  lead,  and  had  availed  himself 
of  special  opportunities  in  the  German  metallurgical  works  to  gather 
data  for  a  scientific  paper  on  the  subject.     On  his  return  to  his  home  at 
St.  Loms,  Missouri,  with  no  very  definite  ideas  as  to  what  he  should  do  to 
begin  the  practice  of  his  profesfiion.  he  wrote  to  Dr.  Raymond,  then  one 
of  the  editors  of  the  'Engineering  and  Mining  Journal',  to  enquire  if  the 
Journal  would  purchase  his  article  on  the  Parkes  process,  for  puWication. 
He  met  with  a  sympathetic  response,  some  editorial  suggestions  as  to 
improvements  m  the  style  of  the  paper,  and  a  counter-proposal  that  if  he 
did  notactually  need  the  money,  he  would  find  a  larger  audience  and  more 
professional  credit  by  allowing  it.  publication  without  compensation 
in  the  then  forthcoming  volume  oi  Raymond's  'Mining  Statistics',  for 
which,  as  usual,  there  was  a  most  inadequate  Government  appropriation 
To  this  proposal  the  young  man  readily  consented.     Soon  after  its  pub- 
lication, Mr.  Meyer  decided  to  seek  his  fortune  in  the  West,  and  natur- 
ally  turned  to  Dr.  RajTnond  for  advice  as  to  where  he  should  go,  and  how 
he  should  get  in  touch  with  the  right  kind  of  jHH.ple.     He  was  furnished 
with  a  generous  supply  of  letters  of  introduction,  among  others,  one  to 
Dr.  Eisner  of  Denver,  a  welKknown  figure  at  that  time,  and  in  charge  of 


eft 


liKHiRAl'MK  AL  MKKTC'HKH 


thp  U.  H.  AHHiiy-< >ffi<  !•  lit  that  place.  On  prcscntiiiK  thin  IfttiT  of  in- 
trwluctioii  und  ixplttimrin  that  hv  wa8  in  wari-h  of  ii  jol>,  )w  wan  at  oiiim" 
a^kftl  if  li«'  wa«  any  relation  to  tin  Meyer  who  had  written  an  article 
on  the  FarkcH  i»ro<etw  in  the  la«t  volume  of  Kayniond'H  report«.  He 
replied  with  due  nuMle«ty  that  he  was  hiniwlf  the  author,  and  waM  in- 
formed that  he  wan  just  the  iiian  for  a  job  that  waH  vacant  at  Fairplay, 
C'olorutio.  He  w.'nt  there,  secured  the  iMwition,  and  soon  Iwcanie  an 
important  factor  in  the  enterprise,  which  later  led  to  his  participation  in 
the  oiH-niiiK  up  of  the  rich  new  leail  <U«trict  of  lieadville.  It  may  U- 
interest ing.  in  passinn*  to  mention  the  fact  that  Mr.  Meyer  was  the  man 
who  suKgested  the  nanu-  of  Leadville  at  the  miners'  meetinR  called  to 
organize  the  tlistrict.  A  great  smelting  enterprise  developed  under  his 
genius  for  organization,  and  Mr.  Meyer  Iweaine  one  of  the  mont  recog- 
nized leaders  in  the  industry. 

Mr.  Kilers  came  to  this  country  in  iS59.  fresh  from  the  Mining  Acad- 
emy of  Clausthal,  full  of  enthusiasm  and  hojK',  Init  with  al»olutely  no 
ac(iuaintances  or  connections  t.o  ensure  him  a  chance  of  suitable  work. 
After  pursuing  every  available  avenue  that  might  lead  to  a  position,  he 
found  him-self  at  the  end  of  his  resources  in  New  York;  for,  with  superb 
confidence  in  his  future,  he  had  marrie«l  mnm  after  coming  to  this  country. 

With  his  characteristic  good  senn'  he  took  a  temporary  poHition  in  a 
store  to  tide  things  over,  and  one  day  when  he  was  waiting  on  the  custom- 
ers he  overheard  a  scientific  friend  of  the  proprietor  exhibiting  a  fine 
specimen  of  a  rare  mineral.  Kilers  sidled  up  to  the  group,  managed  to 
join  the  conversation,  and  a.st<inislied  the  scientific  visitor  by  correctly 
calling  the  name  of  the  mineral  ami  intelligently  discussing  it.  The 
visitor  questioned  him,  learned  that  the  bright-faced  young  clerk  was  a 
trained  mining  engineer,  and  promissed  to  mention  him  to  his  friends, 
AdeU)erg  &  Raymond,  who  were  then  conducting  a  consulting  business 
in  New  York  and  employing  a  number  of  young  mining  engineers  on 
examination  work  of  all  kinds.  Dr.  Raymond  liked  the  young  man,  who 
was  about  his  own  age,  and  after  his  abilities  had  l>een  demonstrated, 
chose  him  as  his  own  particular  assistant,  and  afterward  made  him 
Deputy  U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Mining  Statistics.  The  wide  acquaint- 
ance with  the  mineral  resources  of  the  United  States  that  Mr.  F^ilers 
gained  at  this  jwriod  undoubtedly  had  much  to  do  with  his  subsequent 
successful  career,  and  the  literary  training  he  acquired  while  working  so 
ilosely  with  that  kindly  but  unerring  <ritic,  Dr.  Raymond,  gave  M r. 
Kilers  the  command  of  the  English  language  manifest  in  his  technical 
writings  and  marking  his  speech. 

I  shall  not  .attempt  to  recit*  in  detail  the  st^^ps  of  Mr.  Eilers'  progress 
to  wealth  and  fame,  except  to  say  that,  once  he  got  his  foot  on  the  ladder, 
he  climlwd  it  himself.  In  his  travels  through  the  mining  regions  of  the 
West,  he  saw  the  possibilities  of  developing  the  silver-lead  smelting  in- 


n^^'m..  '09 


AWTiuu  w.  I   'Hiirr 


«7 


.t.wt,ry  ,,.  wl.i,.|,  Ik.  <I«v«..mI  wmt  of  hi.  mfiv,.  lif,-  an.f  in  wh..h  h.wa^ 
a,knowNMl«..  us  the  d.-an.  Ho  ir  wa«.  ...or,,  tl.an  a..y  otU.r.  -  ho  hu" 
N  .tu....l  s,..o.,nh,.  pnanples  |.,r  n.l.-of.f h..,„h  n...fhrMlH.  and  p,.  t^d  out 
th,.  w,i>  for  .1...  .volution  of  IIk'  modern  AinerirHr,  pra.fi.-o  of  I,.     ,  gmelt- 

H,.  .„.v,.r  forgot  l.„w  h,.  had  Imn-,,  holpod  i,.  hin  early  Htrug   l.s   an.l 

"'  paHs,.d  on  th..    .nofit  to  others.     Hi.s  plants  won-  not  Hwe<    -nkZ 

but    ra.n.,.«  n.hooU.     H«  M-lec-ted  hin  .tuff  on  th.  principle  ,„«,    he 

h«n.hle.t  ..mayor's  a-HiHtant  w»«  in  lino  for  promotion  to  mana^r   a„d 

r^*?  .*'!:"'''''•  '•"^'"'^  ^-  ««y"«""'»   Karl  Kilers.  Paul  Ben.n«.r 
rank  M.  Sm.th,  Phil  ,    ;.  Monn.an,  Howar.i  F.  Wierum,  and  olhTin 

unnfl.:'""'  T"'J'"  '"■■»'«"-"-  ^-»  thi.  ...ntinuo..;  chain  of  hH^ 
ul  .nfluen«.    wluoh  started  with  Dr.  Raymond,  although  all  of  uh  Z 

Sit'.  ""  "  '''■  ""^"""'  '"''""''  '"^^'-"  -' 

In  h.y  own  .a^.,  the  debt  ia  t.n,  gn-at  to  calculat..      It  runs  baok  ink., 
the  vague  nhadown  of  n.y  earliest  recolle-lions.  w.th  son.o  of  the  roman^I 
of  luH  early  oxper.en«.8  as  soldier,  travel.-,,  an.l  n.iner  in  the  golden  days 
o    the  'Aest  reflect<.<J  in  these  childish  ...e.,,ories.     It  was  lUrwH    ha 
always  set  the  pace  in  the  merrymaking,  and  the  lessons  in  holor  and 
<lu  y  were  part  c^  the  introduction  to  the  ix.autiful  and  joyousThings 
of  the  world.     The  Ia.st  word  I  had  fro...  hin.  was  charactirL.e  of  tW„ 
bappy  ,...x,ng  of  f..„  and  d.-.-p  feeli..g.     I  was  i,.  France  when  the  news  of 
..   death  reache.l  .ne.  only      ...     w..ks  after  the  Arnusti..   and    he 
joy.    s  prospc-et  of  soon  ,vt..rn    ,  ,,„„:.  .  -«.  di,nme<I  by  the  thought  thai 
he  would  ..ot  X.  there  with  his  ,<    l.a  .v  .  o..e.     A  fortn.ght  later        re 
■an.e  a  belated  l..tter  fron.  over  t  .    <a.  ...  ,.ging  n.e  this  last  me.  ...    ,    ' 
x'ned.ctio.i :  <».<.'    i 

"  We  art.  long  Ix-hind  i..  news  fro,.,  you.     I  wonder  whe; ,  ,  ^.  .ye 

all  lHK.n  paralyzed  by  Victory,  same  as  us?     We  dassn't  say  .  ..ord  for 

5::^rr  ::j:^^  ''-'" '  ^^-'^  ^  -  -  -^^^««  ^^^  >- 1^- 

•     . '  ^»i  TT..**"'  l"^^'^  '"■*'  «°'"*^  *"  '•*'♦ ""»  «f*«''- "  while  and  after  a  fash 
.on!     What  Oh,  what  a  time  we  shall  have,  piece  by  piece,  in  we^Ltg 
th,.,,.,  .n  vulgar  fractions,  as  they  come  dribbling  home'  * 

'•I  fc.r  you  engineers  will  have  to  stay  behind  for  a  while  and  clean 

L.;  '  u7[  T'f  "  ^^''V"''^'  *''"•  •^^'^^^  f"""  »he  coast  to  the 
V  h  ,  '^  n/^V«wcop  ,x,rfc.ctly  .lean,  and  now  has  to  l,e  followed  up 
w.th  salvage  harhnniy!  "   *^ 

<'Thi.^  i«  a  wi  =    :xnd  deep  Thanksgiving  joy  that  we  are  having  todav 
and  we  feel  the  presence-of  our  beloved  a//-tho«e  who  are  phy  H^k: 
ab^ont,  .n  «„,  'ov..r  there'.     (Jod  bk.s  them  and  us,  all  gathid  t^ 
got  her  under  h,.s  One  Blessinfr''  K»i"treu  lo- 


'  ■?ieiH'*^;:i-s'?3aEiBE 


>'CfaBlJ 


Hciiiiiiisceuct^s 

By  C.   W.  r.OODALB 

My  ttciiuaintauce  witli  Dr.  Raymond  Ix'gan  in  1876,  when  I  was 
I'liH'tod  a  member  of  the  Institute,  and  attended  the  Philadelphia  meet- 
ing, and  the  excursions  to  the  coal  mines  and  steel  works  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 

The  Institute  received  a  large  addition  to  its  membership  in  that  year 
of  the  'Centennial',  214  new  names  having  been  added  to  its  list,  making 
a  total  of  613. 

Some  of  Dr.  Raymond's  characteristics  impressed  me  at  that  time: 
his  cordiality  and  helpfulness  to  new  members.  This  friendly  spirit 
was  an  important  factor  in  the  growth  of  the  Institute  in  its  early  years. 
The  members  who  attended  excursions  of  the  Institute  had  opportuni- 
ties to  become  well  acquainted  with  the  Doctor  in  a  more  personal  way. 

In  the  litigation  connected  with  the  Drumluinmon  mine  atMarys- 
ville,  Montana,  which  began  in  1889  and  ended  in  1909,  it  was  my  good 
fortune  to  be  associated  with  Dr.  Raymond  as  a  witness  for  the  Montana 
Mining  Co.,  and  during  one  of  the  trials  in  1893,  which  required  several 
weeks,  the  Doctor  occupied  his  leisure  hours  in  translating  Posepny's 
paper  on  'Ore  Depohits'.  In  this,  a.s  well  as  in  other  incidents  of  his  busy 
life,  he  confirmed  the  statement,  "So  true  it  is,  that  it  is  not  time  that  is 
wanted  by  men,  but  resolution  to  turn  it  to  the  best  advantage". 

After  the  first  important  trial  in  the  above-mentioned  Utigation  be- 
tween the  Montana  Mining  Co.,  Ltd.,  and  the  St.  Louis  Mining  &  Mill- 
ing Co.,  a  suggestion  was  made  by  the  management  of  the  former  com- 
pany to  the  latter,  that  a  conference  between  engineers  selected  by  both 
.sides  might  result  in  a  compromisi'.  Acting  on  this  idea,  the  Montana 
company  named  Dr.  Raymond,  who  was  much  pleased  when  he  learned 
that  Prof.  William  B.  Potter,  a  former  president  of  the  Institute,  had 
l)een  selected  to  represent  the  St.  Louis  company. 

D)'.  RajTuond  arrived  at  Marysville  in  April  1894,  and  a  few  days  later 
he  learned  indirectly  that  Prof.  Potter  was  in  town.  Believing  that  Prof. 
Potter  would  want  to  look  into  the  question  first  under  the  guidance  of 
the  St.  Louis  management.  Dr.  Raymond  awaited  notice  from  him  that 
he  was  ready  to  take  up  the  question.  But  no  such  notice  was  received, 
and  it  was  soon  known  that  Prof.  Potter  had  left  the  town.  In  reply  to 
a  letter  from  Dr.  Raymond,  Prof.  Potter  stated  that  as  Dr.  Raymond  had 
arrived  first,  it  was  up  to  him  to  make  the  first  call,  to  which  Dr.  Raymond 
replied  that  he  "was  not  aware  that  any  .'»  o'clock  tea  etiquette  prevaile<l 
in  the  Montana  mining  camps". 

OS 


C.  W.  GOODALK  gg 

Thug  an  effort  to  bring  alwut  a  settlement  of  the  controvcrey  failed 
and  15  yeaw  more  of  litigation  followed,  with  great  rosts  and  much  an- 
noyance to  both  sides. 

In  the  following  incident  we  see  Dr.  Raymond's  contempt  for  a  bad 
pohtical  appomtment.    In  July  1887,  the  Institute  had  meetings  at  Salt 

«^  i-^I!?.^".**^'^''  """^  "^  ^-^^  P'^*«*"*  incidents  in  the  latter  city  was 
a  delightful  uncheon  tendered  by- the  Blue  Bird  Mining  Co.  on  one  of 
itslowerlevels.  Afewweeks  before,onthe  13th  of  June,  the  Butte  Miners' 
Union  had  marched  in  a  body  to  the  Blue  Bird  mine,  where  the  Union 
thlrh  .t^""  recognized,  and  demanded  the  privilege  of  sending  men 
through  the  nune,  for  the  purpose  of  'rounding  up'  the  miners,  with  the 
avowed  mtention  of  compelling  them  to  march  back  to  town  and  to  join 
the  Union.  The  superintendent  refused,  whereupon  the  Union  threat- 
ened him,  and,  among  other  pleasantries,  threw  a  rope  over  his  head, 
i-  aihng  to  get  any  protection  from  the  sheriff's  office,  the  management  had 
^rfrj^T  n"  ""'f "  '""^^^  °"*  ^^^''  P'**"-     The  leader  of  the 

r^fYnn  ^f\t'  °^:  ''!'^  "^^  *'"''  ^^^  '''■**«'■  «f  *•»«  day,  justified  the 

"  Vn^H  T^*^  '"  *"'  ^^'^'  *"^  '"  «""«'°"  *«  th^  roP*".  he  said: 

Nobody  saw  the  rope  thrown,  but  it  got  there  just  the  same". 

«ven  hwr"'-.-^''""*  °VIl^  ^°'*""*'  "^^*^«  i"  Butte  was  a  banquet 

Cluh  ^r  K  '"""'  *°*^  ^'"°^  '''^  *  «"^*'  '»*"  «»'  ''PP^^ring  at  the 
^.lub,  where  he  again  took  great  glory  for  the  miners  over  the  Blue  Bird 
outrage.  Institute  members  who  were  present,  among  them  Mr.  E.  G 
h^f s  nMh  '■"'"".  T  glorification  of  an  indignity  suffered  by  one  of  the 
men  Dr  R*^^  ^'  !!  K  T  *?°  *"  **°"""'^  '^''^^'  °^  ^^'  organization. 
thT  fnlP  r?""*  ^"^'^  °^  •*'  ^"^  "^^^  ^"^"i''^^  "^l^""*  Penrose,  and 
the  following  facte  came  out:  The  Territorial  legislature,  a  few  years 

^  n^H  t  .K^'T'*  *  '*'"'  '"^"""^  *  ^^'-  Arbitration  Board,  to  he  ap- 
tTli^'lf  r  £'''"T'  u  "'  l"'™'^'"  ''■'''"  *^"  employing  class,  one  from 
the  ranks  of  labor,  and  the  third  Was  to  be  impartial  and  disinterested. 
^  r''*''-"?'"  ""^  ^PPO'nted  Penrose  as  the  third  member  of  this  Board 
and  the  wisdom  of  the  selection  may  be  judged  from  the  following  quol 
ationsW  Penrose's  own  paper,  the  <Butte  Mining  Journal'  In  r^ 
ferring  to  the  Blue  Bird  incident :  r  »ai ,  m  re- 

reac'hlJVSt'Z'r.T!?  '"  *'"  T""'""^  "^  *'"'  hofetinK-works.  and  as  they 
al^„t  thtl       »        c       f   ''^  *PP-08ch,  fH,me  one  in  the  rear  noticed  apiece  of  rone 
about  three  or  four  feet  long,  lying  near  the  trestle.     In  a  spirit  of  miScf  t  wm 
taken  up.  t.ed  mto  a  noose  and  carelessly  thrown  into  the  air  and  .hS  suZ 
by  accident,  upon  the  head  and  shoulders  of  the  superiMtenden;.''         ^        '  ^ 

Editorially,  Mr.  Penrose  said: 


70 


BIOOHAPHICAL  SKKTCHKS 


The  Doctor  cotitrihuted  to  fho  'EugincerinK  jiihI  Mining  Journar 
some  editoriiil  correspondence  on  th«'  nmnifest  unfitness  of  Penrose  as 
an  impartial  arbitrator,  and,  among  oilier  caustic  remarks,  said: 

"Aiul  when  S.IIIU'  funny  Mlow,  whi>  ailviMiatcs  such  ixTfommnces,  is  appt)int<'.l 
to  !vn  inifMirtivii'  r.fficc  hv  the  CJovcrnor,  why  nhouldn't  all  truly  (tixMl-nnturpd  poopl» 
sniilinnly  iwk  the  (rt>v(!rnor  what  in  the  name  of  Opf-ra  llouffp  he  means  by  itT" 

Oi'  course,  Penrose  replied,  and,  in  closing,  evidently  thought  he  >Md 

clinched  the  argument  by  saying:  "Mr.   Raymond  can  gM  to ;" 

to  which  th:>  Doctor  replied: 

"ITie  olega.it  editorial  in  the  'Butte  Mining  Journal' eonrluH^  with  the  decl»ration 
that  '  Mr.  Raymond  can  go  to  — . '  This  appears  to  he  a  kind  t/  free  pa»«.  iwuMl  l>y 
an  agent  of  ths  line.     As  Mr.  Raymond  has  no  me  for  it,  Mr    funnwc  imd  brtter 

keep  it.     The  time  may  come  when  he  will  be  glad  of  a  blank  tM'kt-t  U> ,  anywh^-f* 

out  of  Butte,  although  for  the  preHent  he  does  not  ne*d  nwh  md,  since,  in  hii>  gr«>:t* 
character  of  Impartial  Third  Meml>er,  he  is  entitled  to  travel  aA  the  public  cxpcn«f 

He  also  made  use  of  the  following  scorefcitinr  woretn: 

"This  is  the  'episode'  which  was  'long  ago  settled',  when  I  visited  But  ^o,  a  month 
later.  1  should  be  f;lad  to  know  how  it  was  settled.  Were  the  actors  in  the  outrage 
expelled  from  the  Miners'  Union,  or  otherwisr  disciplined?  Was  the  eleciion'  of 
prisoners  under  duress  declared  invalid?  Was  Mr.  Penrose  in  jail,  or  on  bail?  On 
the  contrary,  st)  far  as  I  could  Iftam,  n<ithiag  whatever  had  been  dowe;  except  that  the 
blatant  demagogue  wlio  had  insulted  public  decency,  imperiled  public  safety,  and 
defied  public  justice  with  his  mccn<!iary  nhnldry,  hud  Ix-en  selected  by  the  dovemor 
as  satisfying  the  words  .if  the  -'tatute: 

'  'And  the  third  .shall  be  i  citineri  who  wi^'  iu*t  probably  be  directly  interested  in  any 
dispute  t>etween  employers  and  emplo -eeK' 

"Mr.  Penrose  may  think,  or  prof«««  in  Inn  iu  iise-pa|HT  lo  think,  that  tlii--^  prepo.-*- 
terous  appoint  nient  wttled'  all  epit-id**"'  </f  hi.s  previous  career.  To  nie,  it  »ppe«rod 
thi.t  the  affair  liad  'settled'  like  any  other  nanty  precipitate,  to  rise  again  on  the  Ami 
agitation  of  the  waters'.  The  fast  m,  inerr  •.sittimg'  won't  ;!..  for  Penro.se.  He  ouglit 
to  be  filtered  out  .-uid  .hrown  away 


Rom 


misoonrps 


By  Koiikkt  W.  Hint 

It  i«  my  priviloKc  to  have  known  Dr.  Raymond  for  many  years,  and 
our  HffpmnUinre  (and  I  may  claim  friendship)  Ijegan  and  continued  in 
connection  wit,h  the  American  Institute  of  Mininn  Engineers.  There  was 
a  fjrilhaftt  coterie  of  men  identified  with  the  formation  and  the  early  days 
'Jf  the  Inatitut4.'H  history.     Th^  were  men  of  social  as  well  as  of  scientific 
tastes,  and  were  naturally  drxrn  UmMher;  their  intercourse  sparkled 
wth    wit  and  humor  in  the  niidirt  of  the  mwe  serious  con«iderat.ion  of 
the  subjects  that  int^rcst^d  then..     Thone  who  were  fort.unate  enough 
t^  enjoy  the  friendship  of  Sterry  Hunt.  Persifor  Fraaer,  Eckley  B.  Coxe 
rhomiis  Drown,  Alexander  HolUy,  J.  F.  HolUpwy  and  others  of  that 
flay,  with  Dr.  Raymond  alway.-*  .me  of  the  most  ^^mmnt,  wer*  t«  \ye  con- 
gratulated upon  their  gor,d  fortune,  and  to  thow  aT  ••  who  still  live, 
the  memory  of  that  intercourse  is  among  our  mof*  /4i#rished  recolkw- 
tion.s.     They  were  great  men  all,  f)Ut  none  greater  than  Dr    Ra>Tnond 
He  was  the  pcr.-.onification  of  culture,  of  retainment,  nr.d  application 
Few  men  have  pos,.es,sed  so  great  and  detailed  knowledge  of  so  many 
subjects,  and  yet  few.r  who  had  all  of  that  knowledge  at  their  immediatie 
ccanmand. 

As  an  illustration  of  Dr.  Raymond's  wonderful  ability  to  present 
technical  subjects  to  the  non-technical  mind,  in  not  only  a  clear  but  also 
an  attractive  manner,  I  recall  the  meeting  of  the  Institute  at  Troy,  New 
York,  ,n  October  1883.     I  was  the  president;  Troy  was  my  home,  and 
naturaUy  I  was  anxious  that  the  meeting  should  be  a  professional  success 
but  also  that  the  Troyans  should  form  a  goo<i  opinion  of  an  Institut^ 
meeting.     It  must  be  remembered  that  the  Institute  was  but  12  years  old, 
and  had  not  then  taken  the  commanding  position  among  technical  socie- 
ties that   It   .so  .soon  attained.     Communities  among  whom   Institute 
meetings  were  held  did  not  always  distingui(«J.  t^-tween  the  various  kinds 
of  engineers,  and  sometimes,  as  a.  Baltimore,  "xpressed  the  hope  that 
the  VLsitmg  nuning  engineers  would  not  inaugurate  another  strike.     At 
all  events,  the  committee  of  arrangements  and  I  were  anxious  that  the 
I  roy  meeting  should  start  m  not  only  a  dignified,  but  also  an  attractive 
manner.     At  that  time,  Martin  I,  Townsend  was  one  of  Troy's  most 
distinguished  citizens  and  a  pleasing  orator.     He  was  .selected  to  make  the 
welconung  .-uldn'ss  at   the  first  meeting,  and,  to  follow  the  president's 
repb\  we  felt  that  w'>  ought  to  have  a  presentation  of  some  scientific 
subject  m  a  popular  and  attractive  manner.     Dr.  Raymond  suggested 
that  he  would  give  a  brief  talk  upon  The  Law  of  the  Apex'.     I  admit 
that  I  felt  skeptical,  but  1  had  all  confidence  in  Dr.  Raymond,  and  it 

71 


t« 


BIOORAPHICAL  SHrTfHEK 


wan  rto  arranK^-  K*-  Rave  ow  (rf  the  most  dplightfiiUr  instruetive 
adtln'sw'a  to  which  I  have  ever  listeBwl,  and.  ueedlww  to  say,  captured 
\tt*^  audi»'H<»'.  With  that  aiispiciow  *«tart,  the  Troy  meeting  wan  a 
liiuMy  wi»Te!4Hf«l  on*'.  Later  Dr.  Ilaymoiid  cliilKtnited  lii«  siM>ecli  into  a 
carrfully  prepared  paper  -hich  is  in  the  Trunsactions  as  having  been 
prei«»'nt*id  »t  the  Troy 

In  Jaly  1905  it  w  >rtune  to  Ix-  with  the  members  of  the  In- 

stitute, Dr.  liaymo,  .ecretary,  on  tlieir  visit  to  Alaska  and  the 

Klimdike,  where  we  wci.  .«e  quests  of  the  Dominion  government.  In 
July  190t»,  the  Institute  went  to  England  and  S  otiand  as  the  guests  of 
the  Iron  and  Steel  Instittite;  this  lasting  two  weeks,  L)eginning  with  a 
joint  meeting  with  our  hosts  in  London.  After  a  week's  rest,  tliere 
followed  a  trip  across  the  Channel  to  Dusseldorf,  as  the  guests  of  the 
Association  of  German  Iron  &  S.eel  Manirfacturers.  In  October  1911,  the 
Institute  accepted  an  invitation  from  its  Japanese  members  to  visit  that 
country;  and  we  who  went  found  ourselves  practically  the  guests  of  the 
Japanese  government.  All  four  of  those  trips  were  most  succe.ssful, 
and  as  it  happened  that  I  was  at  the,se  times  either  the  [jresident  of  the 
Institute,  or  delegated  by  the  council  to  act  as  such,  I  was  thrown  into 
closer  relations  with  Dr.  Raymond  during  the  visits  than  would  have 
happened  otherwi.se. 

Dr.  Raymond  not  only  commanded  the  respect  of  our  host«,  but  also 
won  their  esteem.  He  never  made  an  address  that  did  not  present 
matter  for  thought  and  displayed  so  intimate  a  knowledge  of  his  subjects, 
and  the  national  or  local  conditions  b<'aring  upon  theni,  that  thereby 
greater  weight  was  given  to  his  suggestions  and  (onclusions.  The 
Mikado  de<'orated  him,  and  som(>  of  his  Japanese  friends  and  admirers 
presented  him  with  a  valuable  piinc  of  silver,  illustrating  Japanese  art 
and  skill. 

Those  who  have  only  known  the  In.stitute  during  these  later  years 
can  fonu  but  an  imperfect  idea  of  the  .^t  mggl<>s  and  labors  in'  ident  to  its 
earlier  life.  While  it  has  been  successful  from  the  day  of  its  organization, 
it  has  l>eeix  so  only  through  the  unselfish  devotion  of  those  who  founded 
it  ar«i  their  younger  associates  and  successors.  In  my  judgment,  the 
Institute  has  accomplished  a  greater  work  m  bringing  into  harmonious, 
and  therefore  mutually  helpful  relations,  the  mining  and  metallurgical 
interests  of  America  than  any  other  organization.  It  was  the  first  to 
secure  the  hospitably  open  door  to  mine,  mill,  shop,  and  factory. 

For  nearly  50  years  the  Institute  was  a  large  part  of  Dr.  RajTnond's 
very  life.  He  gave  to  it  the  l)e8t  of  his  !>est,  uiid  from  so  iloing,  it  became 
the  hM-der  for  him  to  transfer  some  of  the  burden  to  others,  but  the 
Ameri«-an  Institute  oi  Mining  Engineers  (no  imitter  what  may  be  its 
future  naaie)  will  always  1m>  Rossiter  VVorthington  Raymond's  greatest 
nionumem . 


Reminiscences 

Bv  Hbnby  M.  Howe 

Rossiter  WorthinKton  Raymond  was  extraordinarily  brilliant  wittv 
Hoquent,  and  versatile.  With  him  you  at  once  felt  yoLel T^the  p^' 
^ce  of  an  uncommon  and  most  interesting  intellect  l^LveltT; 
•owld  have  made  him  shine  in  any  calling.  vematmty 

In  stalling  to  write  of  him,  the  memory  of  the  first  time  I  s»w  h.m  at 
.i.s  trwpfi  aed  fiear  as  yesterday. 

He  anW  Egleston  were  the  striking  figures  of  that  gath«-ing  each 
-^mg  as  a  f..l  to  the  other.     Egleston's  splendid  and  u^Uftrng  enthu- 

ri,  To  Zr  T'T^".  ''^  ™"'""  ^""''^  '^  thLedluh  all 
llV         I  '    "'^  '"^^  ''^^'•"  th'^  Ponderousness  of  his  thought 

and  spj^ech  a^amst  which  he  struggled  as  a  burden  of  the  flesh  He 
urged  h.sth,>.^hts  on  an  anvil  which  ever  rang  true,  but  with  aTamme 
so  unw  eldy  ^^  '^  enhance  the  effect  of  Ra.vmond's  brilliant  epigra^  his 
mas  oHy  shor,  .uts  of  reasoning,  his  silvery  eloquence  his 'Sg  t 
tuitions,  and  m«#  of  all  his  extraordinary  mastery  over  langu^e  It 
was  th.s  that  gave  him  his  eloquene,  his  charming  Ityle,  his  wU^nd  h 
■ontrov.rs,al  power.      Perhaps  he  never  shonemore  brilliantly  than  when  " 

STdt  thlu"  r  'u  *''  "u 'l.""*"^'  '''''  "^^  ^«"'^  ^«f-d  a  position  so 
(hffi,,ult  that  h..  hardly  would  have  adopted  it  on  sol,er  second  th««ht 
Here  he  .showed  lumself  r»»e  ma.ster  of  every  device  of  eloquence  and^t<^ 
nc,  mclud,ng  sophistries  so  adroit  and  so  skilful  as  to  ral  our  a^ir^," 
or  our  exasperation  accordmg  to  our  point  of  view.  One  of  thC cTo^t 
and  dearest  to  h.m  is  said  to  have  exclaimed  in  despair,  "T^7Jr.^ 
say  so,  Ros,  the  more  it  isn't  so".  ^^ 

But  these  were  only  the  delightful  prank.s  of  his  exul*r«ru  intellect 
u  mt eliectual  romps,  for,  in  fact,  he  was  e^entially  moirt  »«o«  and 'i^: 

t^'raL^r:  ""^"""''^  '''^''-'  -' " '--'  >•—  ^-  -^^ 

Shining  as  he  did  as  an  intellectual  leader  of  our  guild,  he  often  «(i»ed 
to  have  Htrayed  into  it  hy  accident,  to  have  pa,sserbv  he  ,  Im.T^^ 
■mnKstry  an.l  the  law,  in  whK.h  his  g.fts  might'  perhaps  have  b'^ll 
on  greater  d.st.nct.on.  Hi.s  religious  activity  at  Plymouth  ( "htS  ^ 
on  the  same  high  plane  with  hi.s  professional  work,  in  which  indeedlT 
excelled  as  a  persuader  and  exhorter. 

So  too,  his  devotion  as  hnsl,and,  fatJu-r,  and  brother  knew  no  bounds 
Greatly  as  he  delighted  in  things  intellectual,  he  was  moved  even  mot 

73 


71 


UIOGRAPUICAL  HKHTrHEM 


by  sympathy,  affection,  and  sentiment,  a  man  rather  of  the  heart  than 
of  the  head. 

Looking  baek  on  this  rare  figure,  who  played  so  brilUant  a  part  in 
our  work,  this  leader,  preaeher,  writer,  orator,  stimulator,  wit,  contro- 
versialist, biographer,  and  lover,  each  of  us  may  well  say: 

"Take  him  for  all  in  all, 
I  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again." 


^^e>u;^^,-. 


A  Tribute 

Uv  Alfkkd  K.  -Bblumoer 
'  I  have  no  deniro  to  attempt  any  complete  picture  of  my  grandfather  • 
I  want  only  to  tdl  you  of  the  way  he  appealed  il  a  youn«  man      My  chief' 

He  could  talk,  and  talk  well,  on  an  endless  variety  of  subjects      His 
traLrrr  'f™''''  an  inexhaustible  mine  of  anecdoteCd  ill" 
tration.     He  was  forever  producing  some  tale  of  his  younger  davs  oui^e 

z::v::^  rl'^'z^r  ':k  ^-^  beyond'hisX:;  Xr 

ame  iZl    n  R      u  '''';  ^"'^J^'**"  "^^''^  ^"«aK«d  his  attention.     When  I 

^k  forwari  to  r    "^'.l  ^  T^!"^  "'  '""^««'  °"«  "^  '^^  ^^'^^  ^^ngs  to 

Mn  ri  t  h.T'  t''^*  r "'^u^  Grandfather's  new  mterest  this  time. 

U  might  be  the  Greek  philosophers  or  the  distribution  of  anima's  the 

pected  and  something  which  he  could  make  fascinating  even  though  T 
knew  nothing  about  it.     After  I  had  gone  to  the  little  Ln^Lroom  he 
wouJd  come  m  with  a  book  and  we  would  talk  into  the  small  halT^^ 
ome  more  virtuous  memlK.r  of  the  family  put  an  end  to  theXussbn 
It  was  always  rather  discouraging  to  me  that,  after  such  a  night  S- 

H«  l^^!''^  ^■"J"'"  •"*'  "'^'  ^"''"'^'  '°  "''^^  ^'''''  f"*- '"«  interest  in  people  was 
a  great  a.,  his  mwrost  in  science  or  law  or  philosophy.  HrgreateS 
virtue  a.  a  companion  of  young  men  was  that  he  never  conLcendeH 
It  never  appeared  to  occur  to  him  that  we  were  not  his  Cr  Hhe 
happened  to  d.H«,gr«.  it  was  as  he  would  with  a  man  of  his  own  age  and 
never  with  any  assumption  that  he  must  be  right  and  we  wrong  Z^^ 
he  was  our  senior.  Those  who  appreciated  bim  most  did  not  alwa^ 
agree  with  hmi  by  any  means,  but  the  disagreement  never  sto^  be  lee^ 

wi  h  ki^JrrndsT    '  '"  ""'^  ^'''"^"^  ^'  ^"  '^-^^^  differen^Hf  opinL" 
with  his  friends,  however  overpowering  he  might  l,e  in  arguing  the  point 

gcne":ti:ri'd:;;Sh" "  ^  r"^'^*  "^'^^  the  sins  of  The  yoC 

g.  neration.  I  dou.)t  if  he  was  much  interested  in  sin;  at  least  he  was  far 
too  wise  to  try  to  repress  when  he  could  inspire. 

Jw7-  'T^'  T"'"""''  ^^  "'•^'  grandfather:  filling  the  pulpit  here  or 
at  Washington;  drowsing  over  the  chess-i^oard,  long  ago  whT  it"  J 
ously  learned  to  mate  with  a  king  and  qiH^n;  expour^ngT^e  po^t^; 
mence  among  mining  engineers;  tyrannising  ov^  ttTon^Tn  Tt 
Uie  dmner-table.  But  my  best  and  ^iron^L.,nJliZ^\Z.^ 
hj.  .«  the  supreme  interpreter  to  a  younger  general*;a  of  Z  l^i^^oJ 

7i 


JAMES  \i\D  JIM:  TWO  BOYS 


A  Stokv  «)K  thk  Coal  Mines 
Bv  KoKHiTEH  W.  Raymond 

CHAHTKH   t 

Mr.  Makk  Moklky  wuh  tlM>HU|K'rint<'ndent  «>f  two  institutionH,  the 
Khony  coal  mine,  and  thi>  Sunday-wchool  attondod  by  the  children  of 
the  miners. 

In  his  capaeity  a.s  Sunday-ttch<H)l  Huperintentlent,  Mr.  Morley  took 
much  interest  in  a  bright  ytMinR  fellow,  who  paid  such  Ame  attention  to 
cverythinK  that  was  said  by  his  teacher,  as  to  be  quit^-  an  exception  to  the 
average  Sunday-school  wholars.  Om-  day  he  stopjwd  by  the  class  to 
which  this  boy  belonKe<l.  and  talked  with  him  awhile.  When  praised 
fi.r  his  attentiveness  the  Iwy  laughed  and  said.  "Well,  you  8e«>,  sir,  I  have 
to  learn  it  all  here;  and  most  of  the  others,  they  can  learn  afore  they 
come". 

"Can  you  rcmd?"  asked  the  sup*'rintendent :  "haven't  you  got  a 

l)ook?" 

"Oh,  yes,  sir!     I  can  read",  replied  the  boy;  "and  I've  got  a  book, 
imt  it  air       he  ri^ht  kind." 

Sonu  !>;  internipted  the  conversation  here — somethinR  is  always 
interrupting  a  Sunday-school  superintendent,  you  know— but  the  boy's 
words  kept  ringing  in  Mr.  Morley'smind;  and  when  ('hristmas  came,  not 
long  afterward,  and  he  had  the  pleasure  of  giving  a  prize  for  constant 
attendance  and  good  l)ebavior  to  this  very  boy,  he  handed  him  a  Testa 
ment,  with  the  remark,  "This  is  a  book  of  the  right  kind,  for  a  boy  oi  thv 
right  kind".  Moreover  he  made  up  his  mind  to  inquire  further  al  out 
that  lK)y,  and  watch  his  progress  carefully;  but  h«'  never  »rot  beyond 
finding  out  that  the  l)oy  was  an  orphan,  whose  father  had  Imvu  ki'led  by 
fall  of  rock  in  the  mine.  His  name  was  James,  and  he  seentcvl  to  be 
about  fifteen  years  old. 

Soon  after  this,  Mr.  Morley  became  interested  in  another  l)oy  t.i 
about  the  same  age,  whom  he  found  in  a  very  different  place.  He  also 
was  an  orphan;  and  if  his  name  was  not  James,  it  came  pretty  near,  for 
it  'vas  Jim.  But  lK«for(>  I  tell  y«m  about  Jim,  I  must  give  you  some 
notion  of  the  place  where  Mr.  Morley  found  him.  Sunday-sch(tol.  1 
trust,  is  so  familiar  to  you  all,  that  you  do  not  need  a  particular  at  co.iiit 
of  that;  but  a  coal  mine  may  l)e  a  very  different  <ase— though,  imWd, 
the  first  Sunday-schools  were  held  in  places  not  unlike  mines;  namely,  in 

7(> 


KOH8ITKR  W.  RAYMOND  7- 

So  h,.r..  .s  a  loctur..  „u  tho  subjeH,  .nado  u«  «hor(  a.  poHHible      You 

know  a  tolosoopo  h„s  to  ..  drawn  ou.  a  littlo  if  o„o  i.  fo^  anyth^,"; 

throuKh  .t;  and  all  yon  .-an  a«k  of  a  story  or,HpvKla««  is   th^   IhonZ 

nght  focuH  ha«  boon  reach..!,  tho  <lrHwin,-out  Thall  ^top.'  '     ^'"  ''' 

Coal  18  foimd  in  JkmIs,  or  seams,  which  lie  in  the  rocks  as  a  slice  of  ham 

hes  m  a  sandwich.     Sometimes  these  beds  are  nearly  horizontal    sor^^ 

jmes  they  are  tipped  up.     Now,  there  are  three  ways'ofTttC  he  hit 

tha   ,8  m  a  sandwich.     One  is,  to  eat  the  whole  sandwich,  ham  ami  sT 

tn  t^t      /..      '"""^  ''"'''''"  ""'•  ^""«'y  P^"P'-  '«o-     The  .second      ' 

TJf'i.-  1  J  "'  ^  ''''^  ^^''^  ^^^'^  ^""^  ^'^^«"t  disturbing  the  brea^ 
And  this  thu-d  way,  which  nobody  ever  thinks  of  taking  with  a  him" 
Handwich,  .B  the  only  way  that  can  be  practised  with  thl  Zt  «and 
wiches  m  the  rocks,  the  coal-beds.  We  have  to  take  out  the  coal  with 
the  use  of  picks  and  drills  and  hammers  an.l  gunpowder  amJ'et  the 
rock  alone  as  far  as  possible.  So  you  .see,  although  the  'dge  o  tt 
coal  may  snow  at  the  surface  of  the  ground,  just  as  the  edge  oUhe  hl^i 
Hhows  in  the  sandwich,  yet,  before  we  have  proceeded  far  wi^h  our  dr 
a  mi;;.    '  '"  '"^  '^'^"^'''^^  ""'^^  «^°-^'  -^  *he  hole  we  C  made t 

f  h/"'^'  \^r  """.  '''"'  **'•"«'  *°  '^  ^♦^^"ded  to  in  coal  mining  First 
there  must  be  a  safe  way  kept  open  by  which  the  men  can  go  in  und  come 
out,  and  the  coal  can  !>.  brought  to  the  surface  after  it  is  LLe  f^mTtl 
bed.  Secondly,  something  must  l>e  done  to  keep  the  rock  overhead  Lm 
ailing  on  the  coal,  after  it  has  been  broken,  and  crushing  ami  bui^  n"T 
whatismore™ 

them,  rhirdly,  he  water  thatcollects  intheminemust  be  got  outTfTt 
or  It  wi  1  gradually  fill  up.     Fourthly,  the  mine  must  be  wntltei  tha; 

s,  supplied  with  good  fresh  air.  This  is  more  importan^fn  ta  Ini^L 
than  anywhere^else  m  the  world;  although  it  is  im^rtant  eveiywZrr 
-even  m  Sunday-schools.     I  sometimes  think  that  tf  all  SunlTlhool 

upenntendents  were  also,  like  Mr.  Morley,  managers  of  ^Ifrntes 
they  would  care  more  about  ventilation;  and  I  am  sure  thev  wouTd 
know  lH.tter  how  to  go  to  work  and  get  it.     For  there  rnothfngTlJ 
makes  people  learn  and  remember  like  a  great  danger.     If  y^u  k^^w  ha 
unless  you  had  your  lesson  perfectly  you  might  be  suddenly  s^ruSTlead 

lit  le  ^-daehe,  -  f       ,  ^^ere  the  les.son  was.  or  lose  your  bo;'  loulS 
you       Well,  that  18  the  way  they  studv  and  pra-tise  ventilation  J.^ 

of  hves.     So  you  may  well  imagine  that  they  try  to  get  their  lesson  well ; 


7S 


J\MKH  \N»  JIM 


ttud  1  think  tliey  tould  touch  aonie  things  to  the  very  .nKt-nioun  gentlemen 
who  build    IwclliiiKH  tuid  fhtircht^. 

But  1  must  Ko  bark  a  lilll<-  j»«t  t  /  hint  to  you  how  the  othtr  ticceMiiry 
thiiiKH  I  hav«'  nainod  air  wcurod.  For  Kfttinn  in  and  out  of  \Uo  mine 
we  8«inu'timoH  use  long  tunnels,  U'ginning  in  valleys,  and  running  into 
the  hillH.  But  often  it  is  neeeawary  to  make  pits,  or  shafts'  m  they  are 
called,  like  great  vleep  wells,  going  down  at  an  angle  into  the  ground  with 
the  coal,  or  straight  down  till  they  reach  it.  Then  at  different  levels 
horizontal  halls,  called  gangways,  are  cut  out  in  the  coal;  and  from  these 
halls  the  workmen  dig  chambers,  or  'breasts'  as  they  are  called,  bringing 
the  coal  into  the  halls,  loading  it  in  cars,  ;ind  carrvinir  it  to  the  tunnel, 
where  it  is  trundled  out,  or  to  the  shaft,  where  it  is  lioisted  out,  to  day- 
light, or,  as  the  Cornish  miners  say,  'to  grass'.  'Clo  to  grass!"  is  an 
expression  which  we  sometimes  hear  Iwys  use,  when  they  mean  to  be  very 
contemptuous;  but  if,  after  Iwing  for  hours  in  the  darkness  and  dirt  of  a 
coal  mine,  you  had  ever  come  out  at  last  to  see  once  more  the  sunshine 
and  blue  sky,  and  the  green  earth,  you  would  think  'going  to  gra-^-s'  a 
thing  not  to  l)e  despised. 

If  you  imagine  a  big  hotel,  with  a  hall  in  the  middle,  having  a  long 
winding  staircase  and  an  elevator,  and  then  on  every  story  halls  going 
away  on  either  side,  and  bedrooms  opening  out  of  these,  you  will  get 
some  notion  of  the  shaft,  gangways,  and  breasts  of  a  mine.  Only  in  the 
Ebony  coal  mine,  to  which  my  story  refers,  the  central  hall,  or  shaft,  was 
inclined;  and  consequently  the  bedrooms,  or  breasts,  were  tilted  like 
state-rooms  on  an  ocean-steamer  in  a  storm.  This  was  all  the  better: 
for,  when  the  men  loosened  the  coal  up  in  the  breasts,  it  rolled  right  down 
to  the  gangway  of  its  own  accord.  In  all  the  gangways  there  were  rail- 
roads, and  the  cars  full  of  coal  were  drawn  by  mules  to  the  main  shaft. 
Here  thi-y  were  hoisted  by  means  of  u  long  stiu^l-vvire  rope,  wound  up  by 
a  mighty  steam-engine  which  was  stationed  in  the  shaft-house  at  the 
top.  The  mules  lived  down  in  the  mine.  They  had  a  stable  there,  and 
seemed  perfectly  contented,  though  they  saw  no  other  light  than  the 
smoky  niinei-s'  lamps  K*'ally  they  were  quite  comfortable. — no  changes 
of  weather,  no  changes  of  work;  only  one  serious  annoyance,  namely,  the 
rats,  which  would  ge'.  into  their  mangers  after  the  corn,  and,  not  satis- 
fied with  stealing  a  part  of  their  food,  woidd  bite  their  noses,  to  prevent 
them  from  eating  altogether.  But  mules  can  bite,  as  well  as  rats;  and, 
although  the  war  went  on,  l)oth  parties  seemed  to  thrive.  Nothing 
suffered  seriously  l)Ut  the  corn. 

The  shaft,  the  gangways,  and  to  some  extent  the  bre-.i-<ts  or  chambers, 
were  protected  against  the  failing  in  of  the  rock  by  stout  timbers.  The 
water  was  raised  from  the  lower  levels  by  means  of  great  puinns,  op  -rated 
by  the  steam  engine  on  the  surfac  >.  But  when  it  had  been  rfiised  half- 
way, It  was  delivered  into  an  o'd  tunnel  that  went  out  about  a  (juarter  ,^f 


ROM8ITRR  W.  HAYMOND 


79 


n«  eHHary,  Huh  old  tunnol  wan  the  mail  ,,ntry  to  it;  now  it  mu.  um-d  for 
nothing  exft'pt  to  earry  away  water.  wiMtuwuior 

I  muHt  t..||  yo„  a  littl.  more  almut  the  ventilation,  and  then  the  lectur*. 
wdl  Jk.  done,  an<l  th-,  Htory  will  In^Rin  again  in  earnest. 

A«  I  Haid  before,  coal  mines  need  to  he  mor..  thoroughly  ventilated 
^an  any  other  place,  which  me.  have  to  enter.  The  rein  is,  Jhlt 
besides  the  burnmg  and  smoking  lan,pe,  and  the  breathing  and  sweating 
of  men  and  annnals.  which  make  the  air  unfit  to  breathe,  the  coal  S 
produces  very  dangerous  gases.  The  principal  ones  a  o  the  'blaTk 
damp'  and  the  'fire-damp'. 

.»«"'h'"';1^'K^.''  *''"^  ***^  pf'il<>«ophers  call  carbonic  acid.     It  is  the 

fn  thaJtnn"-.        T  '"  T'^r*'"''  '"^'  "^•'''  '»  '«  ^'^  «-'  ^«  ^rLk 
m  that  fonn,  ,t  »  not  good  to  breathe.    A  little  too  much  of  it  in  the  air 

wTnoT^ilrn  in  i^'"^'^'  *"'  "  '"-'  ''''  ^"«  "'"^*»  ''^  ^^^'^     ^ 

Fire-damp,  on  the  other  han.l,  is  somewhat  (though  not  exactly)  like 

H.  ga.  we  burn  .n  our  houses.     It  takes  fire  ea«,ly;  and  when  enough  of 

.t  gets  mixed  With  ordmary  air,  it  may  explode,  or  'blow  up',  just  a^ 

ZnZmZ       ""^  ;n'""^  ''"^  "'^"  ^  «"«-^"'-"-  ha;  LL  len 
open  untd  the  room  is  full  of  it.     After  burning,  or  exploding,  the  fire- 
damp leaves  behind  another  gas.  called    the  'choke-damp',  which  1^ 
almost  as  bad.     It  will  not  burn,  but  it  stifles  people  like  the  biack-iamp 
One  thmg  is  very  fortunate  for  the  miner-fire-damp  and  choke- 
damp  are  lighter  than  common  air;  and  so  they  float  along  th'op  of  the 
gangway,  over  his  head,  while  black-damp  is  heavier  than  common  air 
and  lies  along  the  bottom.    So  that,  if  there  is  not  too  much  of  them  aTd 
they  are  not  starred  up  and  mixed  together,  there  may  still  be  a^^er  of 
air  fit  to  breathe  m  the  middle  of  the  gangway,  though  the  gases  aUhe 
t.p  and  bottom  are  poisonous.     How  would  you  like  to  crawl  along  a 
dark  hall,  knowmg  that  if  you  carried  your  head  too  high  or  too  low  yo^ 
might  faint  away,  and  never  ' come  to '  again  '  ^ 

tho^n?*  ^""^  "ir^r*  ^^'"''  *****  '^'''  ''  '^'  '"•''•"^'•>-  «««t«  oi  things  with 
he  miner.  On  the  contrary,  a  vast  current  of  fresh  air  is  conSan  ly 
orced  through  the  mine  by  engines  and  blower,  to  sweep  it  clear  o?aS 
these  noxious  gases.  It  is  only  when  by  some  accident  to  the  machinery 
this  current  is  stopped,  or  when  by  some  sudden  fall  of  coal  or  rXa 
quantity  of  the  gas,  imprisoned  in  the  coal,  much  greater  than  can  be 
immediately  cleared  away,  rushes  into  the  mine,  thaTsuch  terrTble  firo^ 
explo.sion.,  etc    as  we  read  about  become  possible  in  any  weCgulated 

by  Mr.  Morley.    The  pure  air  was  drawn  through  the  mine  in  a  perfect 
breeze,  by  a  huge  revolving  fan  run  by  steam  at  the  top;  and  ^  wel 
was  everything  arranged,  that  although  in  former  times  the  Ebo^  3 


MICROCOPY   RESOIUTION   TEST  CHART 

(ANSI  ond  ISO  TEST  CHART  No.  2) 


1.0 


I.I 


12.2 


3.2 

36 

40 


12.0 


1.8 


1.6 


^  APPLIED  IM/1GE     Inc 

^^  165J   East    Ma'n    Street 

r-S  Rochester,   New   York        U609       USA 

-SS  (716)    482  ~  0300  -  Phone 

:^  (716)    288  -  5989  -  Taw 


80 


JAMES  AND  JIH 


had  the  reputation  of  being  a  very  'fiery'  mine,  and  many  men  had 
been  bailly  Hinged  or  even  killed  by  the  little  and  great  fires  and  explosions 
that  had  taken  place  the.-e,  yet  for  several  years  before  the  time  of  our 
story  there  had  not  li(»en  a  single  accident  of  that  or  any  other  kind. 
There  was  not  even  a  safety-lamp,  except  the  one  which  Mr.  Morley  or  his 
foreman  carried  when  they  went  exploring  into  some  parts  of  the  old 
workings  where  the  fresh  air  could  not  so  freely  pass.  A  safety-lamp  is  a 
sort  of  lantern,  so  constructed  that  it  will  not  immediately  set  fire,  as  u 
naked  candle  would  do,  to  the  fire-damp  around  it.  But  it  gives  a  dim, 
dingy  light,  and  the  men  don't  like  to  use  it;  and  they  are  only  too  likely, 
when  they  fancy  there  is  no  danger,  to  open  the  lantern,  and  get  the  light 
out,  so  as  to  see  better.  Mr.  Morley  used  to  say  he  would  rather  pour 
so  much  fresh  air  through  the  mine,  that  safety-lamps  would  not  be 
necessary,  than  risk  some  great  disaster  from  such  carelessness  m  their 
use. 

One  thing  more,  which  brings  us  around  very  gracefully  to  our  story. 
With  all  the  apparatus  and  all  the  pains  taken  to  n-  ^ke  a  current  of  good 
air,  it  was  not  always  possible,  without  special  aid,  to  ventilate  the 
breasts.  These  I  have  compared  to  bedrooms.  Now,  you  know  a  bed- 
room, with  the  window  shut  tight,  and  only  a  hole  over  the  door,  will 
not  be  well  ventilated.  Some  people  appear  not  to  know  that,  but  I 
trust  you  are  better  informed.  In  the  Ebony  mine  they  connected  their 
chambers,  or  breasts,  as  fast  as  they  could  by  a  sort  of  back  entry  as  an 
air-passage;  but  while  they  were  excavating  or  digging  out  a  new  breast, 
and  before  they  had  any  rear  connection  for  it,  the  air  needed  by  the 
men  had  to  be  blown  in  to  them.  This  was  done  by  means  of  small 
revolving  fans,  looking  somewhat  like  a  patent  churn,  with  a  boy  to  turn 
the  crank.  As  long  as  the  men  were  at  work  in  the  breast,  the  boy 
turned  that  crank,  and  the  fresh  air  was  forced  up  to  them  from  the  gang- 
way through  a  tin  pipe.  They  were  out  of  sight;  but  they  would  soon 
know  if  the  fan  stopped,  by  the  dim  way  in  which  their  candles  would 
burn,  and  by  the  feeling  which  the  bad  air  would  give  them. 

One  day  Mr.  Morley  was  passing  along  a  gangway  opposite  a  new 
breast.  Even  before  he  had  reached  the  spot  he  had  heard  the  whirring 
of  the  fan.  But  when  he  got  near  enough  to  see  clearly  he  stopped  short, 
gazed  for  a  moment  in  wonder,  and  burst  out  laughing.  The  boy  whose 
business  it  was  to  keep  the  fan  going  had  contrived  a  very  comical  way 
of  doing  it.  He  had  placed  a  piece  of  board  so  that  he  could  lie  on  it, 
taking  care  to  have  the  end  for  his  head  considerably  higher  than  the  other. 
At  the  lower  end  of  this  board  stood  the  circular  box  containing  the  fan, 
and  the  crank-handle  projected  over  the  board.  This  arrangement  being 
complete,  the  young  inventor  had  tied  one  of  his  feet  to  the  crank-handlo 
and  then  laid  himself  flat  on  his  back  on  the  board,  in  which  position  he 
was  turning  the  crank  luxuriously  with  his  foot.     His  hat  was  perched  on 


R088ITEB  W.  RAYMOKD  f<| 

the  front  partof  hin  head,  a«  ladies' hat«  are  8ometune«  worn.     In  the  front 
of  th.8  hat  wa«  hooked,  according  to  miners'  fashion,  his  little  t  n  la^p 
and  by  Us  fbckering  light  he  was  reading  a  dime-novel.     The  boTriThe 
c^uw'L  *''  ""'  "T  '''  ""''  "•^'^  '''"'-^"«^-     I"  fact,  nc^hing  twt 

which  he  showed  when  ho  heard  the  superintendent  laugh. 

^  Hallo!    said  Mr.  Morley,  "who  are  you?" 

"  Jim,"  repUed  the  boy,  laying  down  his  book,  and  putting  his  hands 

under  his  head  a„d  never  stopping  for  an  instant  [he  ste^adySn^^^^^^^^ 

oot  and  leg     He  paid  no  attention  to  that  part  of  his  body ,  and  it  s  Jmi 

to  go  of  .tself,  as  ,f  .t  were  a  machine  with  which  he  had  kothiiTda 

That  leg  of  yours  will  get  bigger  than  the  other",  mi,]  the  Tuperin. 

tendent,  "  if  you  give  it  so  much  exercise."  euperm- 

■X^hange  'em  once  an  hour,"  replied  Jim.     '•  D'ye  think  I'm  a  fool?" 

Mr.  Morley  laughed  again.     Then  he  said  more  gravely,  "I  don't 
know  about  th«,  my  boy;  it  looks  a  little  lazy.     I'm  afr  J  you  forge 
the  fan  sometunes.     That  won't  do,  you  know''  ^ 

the.^'''a;E''.'"rH'^-  "^^  '"^"P*'J-  "^y  ^««  '«  "P  '"  the  b^ast 
there    ask  hun        And  his  manner  said,  plainly  enough,  "If  he  is  satis- 

wtmelnTlt^r'tr"-  "^l'  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  Sense  whei^eno^ 
hlT  ^  ij^  *'*"*^  *"""'  "^  '^™  «"^'  **»»*  the  head  miner  in  the 
1'  S  "^  .  .u""  ^*°  '^'**°*«'  ^^  ^*«  P'^d  himself  by  the  company 
according  to  the  amount  of  coal  they  got  out.  And,  moreovS  the 
miners  when  afterwa-  i  questioned,  declared  that  Jim  iaveTeL  more 
air  and  steadier  than  any  boy  they  had  ever  hired  «  »««"  more 

The  superintendent  determined  to  make  friends  with  this  grimy,  smart 
boy;  so  he  continued  the  converaation,  saying  first, "  You  are  right  tTe" 
If  the  men  get  air  enough.  I  don't  care  whether  they  get  it  by  Sg-pow7; 
or  hand-power".  Then  he  added  quickly.  "HowdoyoulikeyoiLXr 
The  head  of  it's  gone,  and  the  tail  of  it's  gone",  replied  Jim  '-Ind 
I  can't  make  nothin' out  of  the  middle."  F  eu  jim,    and 

"What  makes  you  read  it,  then?" 

''Why,  a  fellow  must  read  something,  mustn't  he?"  Mr  Morlev 
stood  a  moment,  wondering  what  kind  of  book,  not  too  dry,  and  yet  no^ 

said.     What  do  you  do  when  you  are  not  reading?" 

"Bats!"  was  the  unexpected  reply.  "Want  to  see  'em?  Well  I 
expect  you  can't.  They  don't  come  out  for  company.  But  they'll 
come  out  jast  enough  when  I  whistle  for  'em,  if  I'm  alone.  TW  t  old 
Abraham  Lincoln  behind  you  now" 

Mr.  Moriey  turned  quickly,  but  Abraham  Lincoln  had  vanished      ■ 
Do  you  knov/  all  the  rats?"  he  a«ked  in  surprise  vanisned. 

"Sixteen",  said  Jim.  "Won't  have  any  more.  The  'sociation'. 
full.  ^Notvittles  enough  to  go  round.     When'any  of  the^t  c^mTldl- 


82 


JAMBS  AND  JIM 


ing  about,  I  hit  'era  on  the  nose,  and  make  'em  go  away.  Say,  do  you 
think  sixteen  rats,  if  I  shut  'em  inside,  like  a  squirrel  in  a  cage  you  know, 
could  run  that  fan?" 

The  supprintendj'Ht  fairly  roared  at  this  idea.  "Woll,  well!"  he 
exclnimod;  "you'll  be  an  engineer  some  day,  if  you  keep  on.  That's 
the  first  use  I  over  heard  suggested  for  rats  in  a  mine." 

"Oh,  they're  good  for  more'n  that!"  said  Jim,  sitting  upright  in  his 
animation,  but  still  churning  away  vigorously  with  his  machine-leg. 
"Perhaps  they  couldn't  turn  the  crank,  but  they  know  a  heap  of 
things.  You  ought  to  see  Abraham  Lincoln  climb  a  post  when  he'iS 
afraid  of  the  black-damp.  You  see,  he's  so  Uttle,  that  if  he  staid  down  in 
the  gangway  the  black-damp  would  drown  him,  sure.  So  he  climbs  a 
post.  Tell  you  another  thing.  Them  rats  go  out  of  the  mine  whenever 
they're  o'  mind  to,  and  they  don't  go  up  the  shaft,  neither.  I  tried  to 
make  Abraham  Lincoln  tell  me  the  way, — tied  a  string  to  his  tail,  and  let 
him  run,  and  followed  him.  No  use;  he  just  ran  under  a  cross-tie,  and 
there  he  staid  till  I  was  tired  out  waiting.     But  I'll  get  it  out  of  him!" 

"Probably  the  rats  use  some  of  the  old  passages  and  air-ways",  said 
Mr  viorley  carelessly.  "  You  know  they  can  go  through  places  where 
the  ground  is  so  caved  and  crushed  that  a  man  couldn't  pass."  But  Jim 
shook  his  head.  "Abraham  Lincoln  won't  go  where  it  ain't  safe  for  a 
man",  said  he  positively.     "He's too  smart.     But  I'll  have  itout  of  him !" 

"I  must  be  getting  along  now",  said  Mr.  Morley.  "I  am  sorry  I 
can't  stay  longer." 

"So  be  I",  replied  Jim,  "it  eases  my  leg." 

"  Wouldn't  you  like  to  have  me  bring  you  a  book  to  read  next  time  I 
come— a  book  that  will  tell  you  all  about  the  machinery  of  the  mine,  and 
the  black-damp  and  fire-damp  and  after-damp,  and  perhaps  about  the 
mine-rats  too?  Though  I  think  you  know  more  about  th<;m  now  than 
any  book  can  tell  you". 

Jim's  eyes  shone  out  of  his  grimy  face  like  lights  in  a  very  dark  gang- 
way. "Is  there  books  like  that?"  he  said  under  his  breath.  Then, 
looking  ruefully  at  his  dirty  hands  and  clothes,  he  added,  "Spile  it". 

"  But  I  will  give  it  to  you;  and  you  may  spoil  it  and  welcome,  if  you  will 
only  read  it.  Good-by".  And  the  superintendent,  much  interested  and 
amused  by  his  new  ac.aaintance,  strode  off  along  the  gangway.  Jim 
looked  after  him  until  his  Ught  was  lost  in  the  distance;  then  he  picked 
up  the  fragmentary  dime-novel,  and  tore  it  into  small  pieces.  "I'll 
be  an  engineer  some  day",  he  muttered,  "that's  the  very  word  he  said. 
He  was  making  fun,  but  I  ain't !"  .\nd  with  that  he  lay  back  on  his  board 
again,  keeping  up  all  the  time  the  ceaseless  revolutions  of  the  fan,  .md 
whistled  for  his  rats.  Abraham  Lincoln  was  the  first  to  appear.  "<  >ld 
fellow",  said  Jim,  "whatever  you  know,  you've  got  to  t.ell  me.  Just 
make  up  your  mind  to  that!" 


CHATTER  II 

Mb.  Morley  had  a  number  of  copies  of  just  such  a  book  as  he  had 
described  to  Jun-a  simple  and  interesting  account  of  the  operations  of 
mining,  made  expressly  for  common  miners  to  read,  so  that  they  might  be 
better  prepared  to  deal  nith  the  difficulties  and  dangers  of  the  business. 
1  he  very  next  day  he  put  one  in  his  pocket,  and  was  fully  repaid  for  his 
gift  when  he  handed  it  to  the  boy,  and  aaw  the  eager  delight  with  which 

kJZT'^  \.  l^  u^'^^  "^**  ''  '^'  "«^*  ^"^  «^  book  for  the  right 
kind  of  boy  said  he  kindly;  and  as  he  said  it  he  remembered  that  he  had 
recently  used  the  same  words  in  presenting  the  prize  Testament  to  that 
other  boy,  the  bright  James  of  the  Sunday-school.  Jim  reminded  him 
somehow  of  James  too;  though  his  manner  was  different,  and  his  looks- 
well,  there  is  no  such  thing  as  looks  in  a  coal  mine.  Folks  all  look  aUke 
there,  they  are  so  dirty.  But  Mr.  Morley  took  occasion  to  say,  "  I  wish 
you  would  come  to  our  Sunday-school,  Jim;  you  would  find  it  very  pleas- 
ant there.  I  gave  a  Testament  only  last  Sunday  to  a  boy  of  your  size 
as  a  reward  for  his  good  behavior.  Perhaps  you  might  earn  a  Testa- 
ment too.    Don  t  you  think  you  could  come?" 

Jim  may  have  blushed,  or  looked  embarrassed;  nobody  could  have 
told,  you  know,  on  account  of  the  coal-dirt  on  his  face.  At  all  events 
he  hesitated  a  moment,  and  then  replied,  "I  don't  need  no  Testament"' 
1  he  superintendent  was  too  wise  to  tease  him,  preferring  rather  to  gain 
his  confidence,  and  trusting  that  he  would  then  be  able  to  influence  him 
Now  his  only  reply  was,  "Nobody  in  the  world  can  say  that,  Jim"' 
rhen  he  dropped  the  subject,  and  they  had  another  long  and  queer 
talk,  in  which  Mr.  Morley  thought  he  gained  quite  as  much  inforniati-  n 

*L     Tu*       *°  ^''^-    ^°''  ^^  *^  ^  wonderfully  observant,  that 
although  he  was  ignorant  of  many  things  which  most  people  know,  he 
had  found  out  a  great  many  things  with  which  abnost  nobody  else  was 
acquainted;  and  when  he  got  a-going,  he  kept  up  his  end  of  the  conversa- 
tion uncommonly  well. 

Not  only  that  day,  but  many  times  after  that,  Mr.  Morley  stopped 
to  chat  with  Jun,  and  was  amazed  at  the  way  the  boy  learned 
and  remembered  all  that  was  told  him.  The  littJ  3  book  about  mining 
he  knew  before  long  by  heart;  and  his  shrewd  questions  and  arguments 
about  It  showed  that  he  had  turned  over  and  over  in  his  mind  every  word 

W  ihi,  Tn/  ?!?  ^''  :^«*y  ''  *°  '^'  f*"'  keeping  time  with  my 

leg  this  way:  'B/acft-damp  is  heavier  than   common  air; /ire-damp  and 

It  T/I"''  '^^*'«'-;,  t"^'^^  if  you  waul  to  yet  good  air,  look  in  the 
mtddle  of  the  ,o«ffway!'  "    The  way  he  chanted  this  passage,  emphasiz- 

83 


84 


JAMES  AND  JIM 


ing  the  syHahles  that  inurkod  tlic  time,  was  vory  ludierous.  "Then", 
he  added,  "I  talk  it  over  with  Abraham  Lincohi!" 

So  matters  went  on  until  Christmas  came  again.  All  through  the 
year  Jim  hail  defeated  every  attempt  to  get  him  to  Sunday-school. 
But  the  day  Iwfore  Christmas,  Mr.  Morley  said,  "Now,  Jim,  you  and  I 
are  such  good  friends  that  we  ought  to  exchange  presents.  My  gift  to 
you  is  that  I  am  going  to  promote  you  to  better  work  and  bettei  nay, 
and  a  chance  to  learn  something  alwut  mine-engineering.  And  your 
gift  to  me  must  be  this:  when  the  Sunday-school  children  come  to  my 
house  tomorrow,  you  must  come  too.  Tb-re's  no  work  in  the  mine, 
you  know." 

Jim  was  so  overcome  with  the  promise  of  promotion,  that  he  could 
scarcely  speak;  but  at  last  he  managed  to  say  that  he  would  come;  and 
the  superintendent  departed  in  high  delight,  to  think  that  he  had  at  last 
conquered  the  strange  reluctance  of  the  boy.  "  I.  wonder  what  he  will 
look  like",  he  thought,  "with  his  face  washed!" 

But,  alas!  Mr.  Morley  was  dooned  to  disappointment.  In  all  the 
merry  company  that  gathered  at  his  house  on  C  iristraas  Day,  he  saw  no 
Jim.  James  was  there;  oh,  yes,  of  course!  The  superintendent  was 
almost  angry  with  James  for  being  such  a  good  boy,  and  coming  so 
regularly,  while  that  queer,  eager,  ambitious,  interesting,  dirty  Jim  could 
not  be  persuaded  to  come  even  once.  Then  he  reproved  himself  for 
such  injustice,  and  remembered  that,  although  he  had  smiled  on  James, 
and  shaken  hands  with  him  occasionally,  he  had  never  taken  the  pains 
he  once  meant  to  take  to  really  get  acquainted  with  him.  Jim  had 
proved  so  very  fascinating  that  he  had  rather  lost  sight  of  James,  par- 
ticularly as  he  never  met  him  except  at  the  school,  where  there  were  so 
many  others  also  to  claim  his  attention.  So  now  he  approached  James 
to  make  amends;  but  Jim  was  in  his  mind,  and  his  first  remark  was, 
"Do  you  know  Jim?" 

"Which  Jim?"  said  James,  as  though  there  were  a  great  many  Jims, 
and  some  of  them  were  disreputable  fellows. 

"Jim  that  runs  the  fan  in  the  east  gangway  of  the  Ebony",  replied 
Mr.  Morley,  adding,  as  he  saw  that  James  hesitated,  "Perhaps  you 
don't  like  him,  but  you  would  if  you  knew  him  better.  He's  very  soci- 
able with  his  friends". 

"Rats",  said  James  and  continued  with  great  deliberation  and 
propriety  of  pronunciation,  as  if  he  were  determined  to  impress  his 
superior  education  upon  Mr.  Morley's  mind.  "No,  sir:  I  do  not  think 
that  I  like  him  altogether." 

The  superintendent  turned  away  completely  disgusted.  "What  a 
prig  that  boy  is!"  he  said  to  himself.  "He  has  been  praised  too  much. 
I  wish  I  bad  him  down  m  the  mine  a  while.  I  would  rub  him  well  with 
coal-dust,  and  take  a  little  of  the  Pharisee  out  of  himl 


R088ITBR  W.  RAVHOXn 


85 


All  that  day  there  were  no  aigiu  of  Jim.  But  the  next  day,  when 
Mr.  Morley  entered  the  east  gangway  he  heard  from  afar  the  sound  of 
the  fan,  and  knew  that  Jim  was  at  his  post.  Determined  to  show  his 
displeasure  at  the  broken  promise,  he  walked  by  without  stopping; 
but  aU  the  satisfaction  he  got  was  in  hearing  an  unmistakable  chuckle 
from  Jim.  That  vexed  him  still  more;  and  he  walked  on,  resolved  not 
to  turn  back.     But  suddenly  Jim  called  sharply  to  him  .■— 

"Mr  Morley!  don't  go  into  the  workings  at  the  end  of  the  gangway!" 

.      ..,1?.*"™  *'  ^^"^  "*  *»*•*«  <^  *^»«1^-    -^"n  was  evidently  in 
earnest.     "  Why  not?"  he  asked. 

"It  ain't  safe",  returned  Jim  eagerly.  "The  rats  all  came  out  of 
there  this  mormng.  There'U  be  a  fall  of  coal  before  long,  and  maybo  a 
rush  of  nre-damp. 

The  superintendent  stood  a  moment,  thinking.  "I  must  go  there 
and  see  for  myself",  he  said,  "whether  there  is  any  danger.  But  I  wil' 
get  my  safety-lamp,  and  then  go  around  by  the  upper  gangway  and  so 
down  into  the  old  works.-See  here,  young  man,  what  did  you  mean  by 
breaking  your  promise?" 

But  Jim  would  give  no  answer,  except,  "Don't  go  in  there,  Mr. 
Morley! 

"Nonsense",  said  the  superintendent.  "I  must  do  my  duty.  And 
when  I  come  back  I  will  make  you  tell  me  why  you  broke  your  promise." 
And  with  that  he  returned  the  way  he  came,  ascended  to  the  surface, 
prepared  his  safety-lamp,  and  descended  once  more  into  the  mine.  But 
he  did  not  pass  Jim's  post. 

An  hour  elapsed,  and  all  went  on  as  usual.  Jim  lay  on  his  board 
treading  away  at  his  fan;  but  he  was  restless  and  anxious,  Ustening  and 
watching.  Several  times  he  whistled  for  his  rats,  counted  them,  studied 
them,  studied  their  manner,  and  peered  about  to  see  if  any  strangers 
were  among  them.  But  the  last  tune  he  sounded  his  call  the  rats  were 
gone.  Only  faithful  old  Abraham  Lincoln  responded;  and  he  appeared 
to  be  divided  in  mind  between  affection  and  the  desire  to  fly  "No 
you  don't!"  quoth  Jim,  and,  seiang  the  venerable  sage,  popped  him' 
into  his  pocket.  *^*^ 

Then  suddenly  there  came  a  terrible  crash  in  the  distance,  as  of 
faUmg  rocks;  and  after  it  an  explosion  still  more  terrible;  and  after  the 
explosion  a  rush  of  wind.  The  lights  were  blown  out;  and  the  men 
hurried  in  the  darkness  to  the  shaft.  Quick!  lest  the  choke^amp  over- 
take us!    In  the  shaft,  fortunately,  there  wa^  pure  air  still  descending. 

JIk     w^^y      ''  ^^^^  '"""^^  ^  ***''  ^P'  »"d  gathered  at  last  all  saf. 
and  thankful. 

But  presently  some  one  cried  out,  "Where  k  Mr.  Morley?"  They 
all  looked  at  one  another  in  consternation.  The  crowd  of  women  that 
had  been  waibng,  and  then  rejoicing,  as  their  husbands  and  brothers  and 


8fi 


JAMBH  AND  JIM 


sons  caiu(>  up  safe,  now  Ix-KAn  to  ni  rti  anew,  wringinK  their  hands  for 
the  brave  young  engineer.  There  v  rapid  questions:  "Who  saw  him 
last?  Where  did  he  go?"  and,  as  it  became  clear  to  all  that  Mr.  Morley 
was  yet  in  the  mine,  the  faces  of  all  the  men  grew  stern.  There  was  no 
lack  of  volunteers.  Even  the  women  made  no  objections,  but  waited 
for  the  men  to  choose  who  should  descend  into  the  shadow  of  deiitt. 
Four  of  the  best  miners  were  swiftly  chosen,  and  as  many  mo»^  pre- 
pared to  follow  them  if  necessary. 

Silently  the  party  disappeared  down  the  shaft,  being  lowered  in  a 
car  by  the  engine.  After  a  dreadful  half-hour  of  suspense,  the  signal  was 
given  from  below,  and  the  car  was  hoisted  again.  Only  the  four  men 
were  in  it.  They  had  found  the  gangway  crushed  together  so  that  they 
could  not  penetrate  into  the  part  of  the  mine  wh  •  they  might  expect  to 
discover  Mr.  Morloy.     And  the  stifling  after-d  which  the  big  fan  on 

the  surface  was  sucking  out  of  the  mine,  told  ^o  too  plainly  that  when 
they  should  find  him  he  would  be  past  help. 

But  the  boy  Jim  was  here  an  hour  ago.  Where  is  he  now?  Long 
before  even  the  first  descent  of  the  miners,  Jim  had  disappeared.  Run- 
ning with  all  his  might  down  the  hill,  he  reached  the  mouth  of  the  old 
tunnel.  The  air  was  drawing  inward.  "Thank  God!"  cried  Jim,  and 
lifting  his  lamp  pushed  boldly  into  the  silent,  lonesome  darkness,  hurrying 
through  mud  and  water,  until  he  came  to  the  place  where  the  v/hole  of  the 
tunnel  was  filled  by  a  great  water-tank  and  dam  built  up  to  the  very  roof. 
"There  must  be  some  way  around",  he  muttered  in  his  perplexity. 
"The  air  gets  through,  and  the  rats — Ho!"  he  shouted  with  a  sudden 
inspiration,  as  he  jerked  Abraham  Lincoln  out  of  the  pocket  where  that 
old  fellow  had  been  comfortably  snoozing  through  all  the  tumult,  "Now 
I'll  get  it  out  of  you!"  He  tied  the  rat's  forefeet  together,  set  him  down, 
and  watched  his  movements  closely.  Abraham  hobbled  back  a  few 
yards,  and  stopped  at  the  foot  of  a  post  which  he  could  not  climb  with  his 
fettered  feet.  It  bore  the  scratches  of  many  a  former  scrambling  rat. 
Jim  looked  up,  and  saw  the  dim  opening  of  an  old  air-way.  That  was 
enough.  With  a  wild  hurrah  he  clambered  up,  and,  crawling  through 
a  narrow  passage,  then  a  second  and  a  third,  found  himself  at  last  in  the 
old  workings  near  the  scene  of  the  explosion.  He  paused  a  moment  to 
recall  what  he  had  learned  of  the  dangerous  gases  among  which  he  would 
have  to  move.  The  current  of  fresh  air  which  had  accompanied  him  so 
far  was  almost  spent  here.  Ahead  of  him  were  probably  masses  of  the 
deadly  after-damp.  Around  his  feet  he  could  already  notice  a  shimmer- 
ing reflection,  as  if  from  some  kind  of  water,  thinner  than  common  water. 
"  It  is  the  black-damp",  h«'  said  to  himself;  "I  must  move  softly,  and  not 
stir  it  up.  As  for  the  fire-damp,  I  must  take  my  chance  of  that.  It 
was  probably  burnt  up  by  the  explosion.  But  I'll  keep  my  head  and 
my  light  low  down.  ^For  if  you  want  to  get  good  air,  look  in  the  middle 
of  the  ^oTjgway'." 


KOSNITKK  W.  R  'MM) 


87 


The  finest  poetry  that  ever  was  written  would  not  have  been  so 

hm  forlorn  hope.  Once  he  called  aloud,  but  heard  no  answer.  The 
a.r  wa3  growing  worse;  his  lamp  grew  dimmer  and  dimmer.  At  last  it 
went  out;  but,  while  the  wick  wa«  still  a  glimmering  coal,  he  flung  the 
amp  forward  as  far  as  he  couJd,  and  by  this  means  got  a  last  glim,L  of 

lUst  al  th!;  I    r';    ^"lu'T  '''•^"^'^  *  «'*'*  *'"^^"'»=  f«^  »>«  had  seen, 
just  at  that  last  instant,  the  form  of  the  man  he  had  come  to  save     In 

another  minute  ho  was  at  the  spot,  and  felt  in  the  darkness  the  face  of  the 
supenntendent     He  was  not  dead:  he  moved  slightly.     "Sitting  up!" 
said  Jmi  admiringly.     "That's  just  saved  his  life.     He  got  all  the  Xi 
air  there  was!"     But  then-  .^  no  time  to  lose;  for  the  good  air  wassca'e 
and  not  very  good  either.    Jmi  put  the  arms  of  the  unconscious  superin- 

hol  b^T"?       r^'  ""^  '"'?^'°«  ^'"^^'^'  «°  '^^'  both  theirVaces 
ba^t^h       ^.k"  .**"*,*  P'"''^"'  ^^y''  °'  *•''  •^^"•'^d  his  burden  pick-a- 
ack  through  the  darkness,  with  a  step  as  sure  as  if  it  were  daylight. 
I  would  be  a  fool",  thought  he,  "if  I  couldn't  get  out  the  way  I  got  in'" 
It  was  not  easy  getting  down  to  the  tunnel;  but  the  air  was  growing 
better  and  Jun  s  courage  revived  with  it.     As  he  lowered  Mr.  Morley  in 
he  soft  muddy  bottom  of  the  tunnel,  and  followed  after  him,  ho  felt  a 
fnendly  „.bble  at  his  leg.     Abraham  Lincoln  had  been  clean  forgotten 
hilf  Ik   "'^" '"^«f*Jo"  ^K^in-  old  fellow!"  said  Jim,  as  he  pocketed 
knoltgl"   '"    "       """"  *""  "^  "'•^*  ^°"  ''"«"'  ^°^  '*  ^^  worth 
Thus  it  came  to  pass,  that,  just  as  the  group  of  despairing  peoole  at 
he  mouth  of  the  shaft  received  the  report  of  their  explorinrp^ty 
V  saw  a  handkerchief  waving  away  down  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  (N  B 
^  was  Mr  Morley's  handkerchief.    Jim  didn't  cariy  such  an  article 

-h^vTonn"?  r*'''"    •  t"?  7^7  *^"  ^'''  ^*«^^  ••"°"«'«  '•«*«hed  the  spot 
•  hey  found  Jim,  famted  dead  away  across  the  unconscious  body  of  the 
supenntendont,  and  a  hoary  old  rat,  with  his  front  paws  tied  together 
sitting  on  Jmi,  and  contemplating  the  scene  with  much  perplexity  ' 

b  range  to  say,  Mr.  Morley  got  well  first.  In  a  day  or  two  he  was 
about  again,  as  strong  as  ever.  But  Jim  had  gone  through  ^omuc" 
exc. tement  and  exertion  that  the  doctor  kept  him  in  bed  for  a  long  ti^e 
So  t  happened  that  Mr.  Morley,  whose  fir«t  walk  out  of  doors  w^to 
visit  the  boy  who  had  so  bravely  and  skilfully  saved  his  life,  foundlim 
at  home  and  in  bed^    On  the  coverlet  before  him  lies  the  book  which  t^ 

^ZTrtllfn.:  ?"kTI*''  ''"'  ^"'  ^'^^^^y'  -hat  does  thi 
JT\~  1     Tostam,.„t  which  the  superintendent  of  the  feanday-school 

f?om  .•;'       r      «'"  ••  "'""  "-''to'-hing  ..till,   there  i«  James  smiling 
from  the  pillow      bo  Jmi  was  James,  and  James  was  Jim,  all  the  tiTel 
I  hope  you'll  forgive  me.  Mr.  Morley".  says  he.     "  I  began  it  in  ^n 


f'H 


JAMKM   AND  JIM 


yuu  sec,  becaust!  yuu  didn't  know  me  apart!  But  I  never  meant  to  keep 
it  up  so  long — only  at  last  I  got  afraid  to  tell  you.  And  you  know  now 
why  I  said  I  didn't  want  no  Testament — because  I  had  one  already!" 

"My  two  Christmas  gifts  have  indeed  rome  back  to  me",  Hays  the 
superintendent. 

"Yes,  sir",  replies  James.  "If  it  hadn't  been  for  both  of  'em  I 
couldn't  have  done  it.  You  see,  I  learned  out  of  this  one  just  how  to  act, 
and  all  the  reasons  for  it,  and" — 

"And  out  of  this  one  you  learned?"  asks  the  superintendent,  putting 
his  hand  on  the  Testament. 

Jim  stretches  out  his  feeble  arms,  and  throws  them  about  Mark 
Morley's  neck,  and  this  is  what  he  whispers : 

"'Greater  love  hath  no  man  than  this,  that  a  mail  lay  down  his  life 
for  Us  friend!'  " 


JOB  ON  MINING 

Bv  H.  W.  Raymond 
viow  Tf  ^    K  7"*."*' P^--***?*'  th«  8UKge«tion  o,'  a  somewhat  different 

used  as  a  thread  upon  which  separate  poems  are  stnin*      TKi-  •  11 

In  Job  these  poems  are  often  com  petitivt— that  m    Fnh  ,..^a 

fa  Mnsidcrcd  .imply  .  '  h7~rd  t„  f,fl      .' j       ^'"  I^"  °"  ^'"''»" 

Prom  the   Minin,  ,„H  Sci.Miflc  p„„.,  ip,,,  7_  ,  joj  '■ 

SB 


m 


90 


JOB  ON  MINING 


Koltl  i«4'«ling  to  !)»•  refined  (»«  tliHtinguiuhtil  from  'fine  gold'  or  plaeer 
gold,  which  neede«l  no  Mulwequent  treatment),  iron  ore»  and  braun  ores 
are  won  underground.  The  miner  preiwe»  to  the  very  Jniundary  of  the 
d.-irkne^s,  iind  Metinh«'s,  to  that  hmit,  the  roekM  a«ilark  uHdeatli.  Dtmn 
aiul  away  from  human  alMMles  he  ninkH  \un  nhaft,  in  which,  forgotti-n  by 
the  f«>«'t  that  paxH  overhead,  he  wwingw  «UH|M'n(h'«l.  AJnive  him,  the  earth 
proiluccH  food;  but  >mdergroun«l,  plougheti  by  fire,  it  ha«  gems  for  grain, 
and  gohl  for  cloils  in  the  soil.  His  trail  is  invisible  even  to  the  keen- 
eyed  birds  of  prey;  nor  has  it  ever  lieen  traveled  by  prowling  Iieasts— even 
the  liold  lion,  who  goes  fearlessly  everywhere. 

2.  Surface  mining  (Descrilxul  in  the  following  thre<<  verses).— 
Again,  the  miner  attacks  the  hard  ro<'k,  overturning  even  the  mountains 
by  the  roots,  and  cutting  new  channels,  to  lay  bare  the  river-J»e«l8,  in 
which  his  eye  discovcrw  every  precious  part  iclo.  He  prevents  the  st  reams 
from  leaking,  and  he  brings  forth  the  hidden  treasure. 

The  rest  of  the  poem  declares  ihat  Wisdom  can  neither  be  won,  as 
wealth  is  won  by  mining,  nor  even  purchase<l  with  the  products  of  human 
enterprise.  The  list  of  such  things  as  cannot  buy  Wisdom  coniprises: 
(lold;  silver;  gold  of  Ophir  (apparently  placer  gold  of  very  high  grade, 
possessing  a  special  value) ;  precious  onyx  and  sapphire;  gold  wrought  into 
cups;  cups  of  crystal,  ornamented  with  gold  or  coral;  pearls;  and  Ethio- 
pian topaz.  Finally,  it  is  declared  that  the  price  of  Wisdom  cannot  be 
"weighetl  with"  (or  valued  with)  pure  gold;  that  is,  it  has  no  legal- 
tender  standard  of  value. 

The  particular  gems,  especially  the  ruby,  named  in  the  King  James 
version,  must  be  accepted  with  some  hesitation.  The  revisers  suggrat, 
instead  of  'ruby',  either  'red  coral'  or  'pearls',  ('orals  and  pearls  are 
quite  appropriate  to  .'\e  poet's  purpose,  since  they  may  be  considered 
as  the  protlucts  of  a  sort  of  mining  in  the  sea.  Sapphires  may  also  have 
been  found  in  alluvial  deposits  then,  as  they  have  been  found  in  the 
Montana  placers.  And  it  is  not  impossible  that  they  might  have  been 
discovered  in  veins  underground,  as  in  the  Jenks  corundiun  mine  of 
North  (Carolina.  But  it  is  highly  improbable  that  this  was  then  an  im- 
portant source  of  supply  for  them. 

The  foregoiiit<  paraphrase  is  justified  in  the  main  by  either  the  text  or 
the  margin  of  the  'revi.'^ed  v-.Tsioi.'.  Where  it  differs  from  both,  it  is 
based  upon  good  authority  .  The  chief  defect  of  the  King  James  version 
which  it  corrects  is  the  absurd  rendering  of  verse  4:  "The  flood  breaketh 
out  from  the  inhabitant;  etwn  the  waters  forgotten  of  the  foot;  they  are 
dried  \y,y,  they  are  gone  away  from  men".  This  totally  destroys  the 
meaning  and  continuity  of  the  poet's  d<'scription,  which  the  revised 
version  measurably  restores.  But  both  versions  miss  the  magaificent 
contrast  l)etween  the  farmer's  crops  above  and  the  agriculture  of  the 
miner  1m>Iow. 


ROMMITKR  w.  HAVMUND 


91 


From  the  ♦    nHlation  given  almvo  it  apiio&n- 

2.  That  Kol.l  Hilv.T.  iron,  an.l  'b'  ..«•  m-r,'  ohtaiiwd  m  hi^  -lav  hv 
nmunK.  f..ll..w,Ml  Uy  n...tallurKi..al  tn.a.mont--d„,.htl<^  a  "m^h.  «:  Ju  i^^ 
ti«n  hy  fuKion  with  rarlwn.  mpii  niim 

3.  ThM  the  relatively  Huperior  finenem,  of  placer  roI,!  wa«  well  known 
«nd  eonHequently.  that  no  'refininK'  of  gold,  an  it  occur-  in  natu«  «J: 
Ioye<l  with  «.lver,  wa«  practiced.  The  'refining'  of  other  gold  wa-  prot 
aWy  only  a  crude  tu«ion  of  minerals  contain^  "free  gold 

4.  That  underground  mining  was  don.     y  sinking  8huft«.  in  which 

:;^:'rirr"'''''''-"--^»-  -gdrL'-.^hehTur 

Z  :;""'•""     '^^"•.»>-™'  -  -t  «  -ientific'  percept  on  deduc*: 
tion  or  prevision,     .t  .n  simply  «  natural  superstition. 

Htrels  il'"."^,'?  "VT  *''*^'  ''T  "^  '•^  '^  *"  '"^"'^^  the  diversion  of 
sWv  ver^  I,  '     1'^"""^'  '°'"  **•"  P"'P°«^  «'    '.ar-raining'.     Pos- 

«.bly  verse  11  may  indicate  the  employment  of  colur^ams  to  lav  bare 
Hmgle  auriferous  bars,  without  diverting  the  whole  streT      ThewhJe 

mg  mimense  labor  upon  the  execution  of  crude  methods. 

were  recolil'n''  '^"k"'  T"^  T'^7  ''^'  °°*  *°  ^  ^^'^'^^'y  id««tified. 
were  recogmzed  as  objects  of  industry  and  commerc.^  and  that  their 
market  value,  as  well  as  that  of  gold  itself,  was  increas^  by  the  art?sUc 
work  of  lapidaries  and  jewelers.  ^ 

Onhir  Ind  V?h-  '°""""*''  '."  '"f  P'^"'"^"  ^^'^  '"»«•'  ^^inental,  so  that 
and  prt"  "'*  *""  "'"^^^^  trade-mark.,  indicueing  special  quality 

9.  That  rock-crystal  (not,  in  ir.y  judgm-    ;.  gla^s,  though  this  rend- 

carved  and  then  adorned  with  co..  ,  gold,  etc.  This  is  not  evidence  of 
sTmlT:  ''"'':'  ''*"  ""'tallurgical  art.  Whatever  could  ll  done  |^ 
8  mp^e  patience  and  manual  skill  has  been  repeatedly  done  by  primitive 
t„be«,  ,g„orant  of  the  principles  of  the  mechanical  arts;  and  many'lXte! 

rxperiments    intl""  "*''""  '"^^^  ^"  «^P'^  '"^^  ^-^^^  -' "-^    of 
Jeered  rL.lM''  *  ^**'  *™""'»*  "^  ""'"'''^y  '«»d,  therefor*,  re- 
ected  results.     Numerous  instances  of  ancient  art,  offered  as  proof  that 
the  earb^  peoples  knew  in  some  respects  as  much,  and  in  oTher  ^pect 

Tkn;  ?;  "*'  1""'  "!*'  ''^""  ""'^^^  *^«  *-»•  The  modern  art  in3ves 
a  knowledge  of  conditions  .and  mco"s,  and  consequent  abiliVy  lo  ac! 
oomplish  with  certainty  the  end  desired.  I.  other  words,  i^s  S^  .on  « 
measured,  m  inverse  proportion,  by  the  number  of 'rejctiors'whc" 


92 


JOB  ON  MIMNG 


incurs  in  practice.  Thus  estimated,  I  ani  convinced  that  the  'lost  arts' 
of  antiquity,  concerning  which  so  much  has  been  rhetorically  said,  are 
not  worth  finding. 

l-'urther  than  I  have  goni  in  the  aliove  deductions,  I  do  not  think 
it  safe  to  go.  But  another  highly  important  question  remains.  What- 
ever may  he  fairly  shown  as  to  the  existing  state  of  mining  and  other 
arts  by  the  twenty-eighth  chapt<>r  of  the  Book  of  Job,  what  is  tlie  historic 
|)eriod  thus  illustrated? 

Unquestionably,  this  book  depicts  a  very  ancient,  patriarchal  age. 
Yet  it  is  almost  equally  certain  that  its  theme,  argument,  and  literary 
art  lielong  to  a  much  later  age.  Without  discussing  the  problem  in 
detail,  I  may  here  observe  that  the  most  reasonable  solution  appears  to 
leading  scholars  and  critics  to  be  that  the  drama  was  written  .t  least  as 
late  as  750  B.C.,  though  it  describes  the  social  conditions  of  a  much  earlier 
period.  Its  high  literary  art  and  structure  favor  this  hypothesis,  which 
is,  per  se,  l)y  no  means  unreasonable.  Historians  and  poets  habitually 
describe  scenes  and  characters  of  ages  long  before  their  own.  Nobody 
dreams  that  Homer  was  a  contemporary  of  Achilles  or  Ulysses,  or  that  the 
Bible  story  of  Abraham  was  written  in  Abraham's  time.  There  is, 
therefore,  no  inherent  improbability  in  the  notion  that  the  author  of 
Job  clothed  his  relatively  modern  didactic  message  in  the  drapery  of  a 
patriarchal  age,  long  past. 

Such  a  literary  artifice,  however,  cannot  possess  first-hand  archaeologi- 
cal authority.  We  do  not  adduce  'The  Idyls  of  the  King'  as  direct  evi- 
dence of  the  customs  of  the  period  of  the  Round  Table.  We  can  only 
accept  such  works  as  second-hand  authorities,  valuable  in  proportion 
to  the  learning  and  care  exhibited  by  their  authors.  The  best  of  them  are 
not  wholly  free  from  anachronisms.  Even  Thackeray's  'Esmond'  is 
said  to  contain  one  word  not  used  at  the  time  of  which  it  gives  an  other- 
wise perfect  picture. 

This  test,  applied  to  the  Book  of  Job,  reveals  very  few  possible  ana- 
chronisms— and  most  of  these  are  doubtful.  Its  chief  anachronism  is 
international — namely,  it  places  in  the  setting  of  a  patriarchal  age  the 
discussion  of  problems  which  did  not  trouble  the  patriarchs;  and  it 
includes  in  this  discussion  conceptions  and  suggestions  which  belong  to 
a  much  later  and  more  couiplex  state  of  society.  But,  aside  from  this 
pervading  feature,  it  presents  a  wonderfully  consistent  and  probable  pic- 
ture, in  which,  with  our  present  critical  apparatus,  we  can  find  almost  no 
flaws. 

Among  these  possible  errors  of  the  historical  imagination,  however,  we 
must  recognize  the  picture  of  mining,  metallurgy,  arts,  and  commerce, 
given  in  the  twenty-eighth  chapter.  In  most  other  respects,  the  age  of 
Job  seems  to  l)e  conceived  as  older,  even,  than  the  age  of  Abraham ;  and 
since  we  now  know,  through  the  code  of  Hammurabi,  that  in  the  ti.ne  of 


ROS8ITKR  W.  RAYMOND  93 

Abraham  (Hay,  25()0  B.Cl.)  there  was  a  settled  and  e,«„plex  system  of 
industry  rnd  law,  we  cannot  positively  declare  that  the  po^  ^  alof  Job 
might  not  fairly  present  the  features  under  consideration  ^ 

Nevertheless  (for  reasons  that  cannot  be  fully  stated  here)    these 
catures  must  Ih..  regarded  as  inconsistent,  to  some  extent  with  the  ^ 
tremely  snnple,  nomadic  civilization  otherwise  set  forth  inVea^ulness" 
of  detad,  by  the  Book  of  Job.     At  all  events,  we  cannot,  ^ith^os  t  ^e  ce 

^BcTor  ttt''"' "!:  *"*'^"r  '""^  *"-^  period 'earlier' than   ;:;, 
whi»        1,  .  P'^""^  '^  '""P'y  "^^^  «on»«  picturesque  detjdls  to 

what  we  know  already  about  the  arts  and  commerce  of  the  time  of  Sol^ 
mon,  250  years  earher.     Whether  the  author  of  'Job'  was,  or  was  nT 

ZZ  rnS;:',*'"^  '"^i^^f  "^  ^"*°  *•'«  ^'^^  -ons'tructZ  of  a 
dMant  antiqmty,  he  cannot  be  fairly  regarded  as  the  "f.,t  writer"  on 


LAWYERS  AND  EXPERTS 

■  There  was  a  man  who  hnd  Krown  uld 
In  (Itftging  prospect  holes  for  gold. 
Uight  often  in  bis  pilgrimage 
He  dreamed  he  had  the  long-sought  ledge ; 
Yet  every  time,  with  spirit  saddened, 
He  was  obHged  to  own  he  "  haddened", 
And  every  time  he  cried,  "  You  bet 
I'll  hustle  on  and  find  her  yet!" 

At  last  he  struck  it;  staked  a  claim; 
Laid  out  a  townsite  round  the  same; 
Sunk,  drifted,  stoped  and  crushed  away, 
And  showed  tha  thing  would  surely  pay. 
Fondly  he  thought  that  nevermore 
He  would  be  luckless  as  before. 
Alas,  his  troubles  were  not  ore! 

One  dismal  day  his  happy  labor 

Wiis  interrupted  by  a  neighbor, 

Wlio  cooily  told  him  doubts  had  risen 

Whether  the  ledge  was  "his"  or  "his'n". 

And  challenged  him,  without  excuse. 

His  legal  "apex"  to  produce. 

"Apex!     Wliat's  that?"     he  cried  in  woe. 

"I  cannot  tell  you",  said  his  foe, 

"But  1  presume  the  lawyers  know. 

And  this  much  I  can  say  is  true : 

Without  it,  all  is  up  with  you; 

Nor  is  the  apex  all.     You  see, 

Y'ou  must  have  '  continuity', 

And  side  and  end  lines,  suited  (|uite 

To  fit  your  'extralateral  right'; 

And  it  is  further  understood 

A  tunnel  in  the  neighborhood 

Will  make  your  title  far  from  good. 

Then,  other  lodes  may  make  connection, 

TakiuK  the  space  of  intersection, 

Or  even  unite  with  yours,  and  so 

Gobble  whatever  is  below. 

Sure,  many  such  things  may  combine 

To  make  your  mine  not  yours,  but  mine. 

If  you  don't  buy  me,  fear  the  worst!" 

'  Lines  read  in  response  (o  the  toast,  'Lawyers  and  Experts',  at  the  banquet  given 
to  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  at  Sa»  Frjincisco,  on  September  27, 
ISIW. 


LAWYERS  AND  KXPBhTH 

That  miner  eloquently  cureed, 

And  said,  "I'll  see  you— eltie where  finit". 

Thus  was  begun  the  famous  case 

That  filled  the  journals  of  the  place, 

And  thither  called  a  mighty  host 

From  all  the  wide  Pacific  coast— 

A  dozen  lawyers  on  a  side. 

And  eminent  experts  multiplied; 

Maps  of  the  biggest  and  the  best. 

And  models  till  you  couldn't  rest; 

Samples  of  rock  and  vein  formation, 

And  assays  showing  "mineralizatioi.", 

.\nd  theories  of  that  or  this, 

And  revelations  of  'genesis", 

And  summings-up  of  sound  and  fury 

Poured  out  upon  the  judge  and  jury. 

No  matter  now  which  party  lost — 

It  took  the  mine  to  pay  the  cost; 

And  all  the  famous  fight  who  saw 

Beheld,  with  mingled  pride  and  awe. 

What  science  breeds  when  crossed  with  law. 


95 


